1:200,000. Meanwhile, this study examined the vegetation
cover of 0.5 million hectares in the north-central region
(Ajdabiya region) in order to determine the status of natural
pastures (Solkhozprom Export 1980).
2.3.3.4 A Study of Soil Resources by Moroccan
Telekart Company (1989)
This study was conducted in some areas of the Jafara Plain
of Libya, such as Al Joush, Teji and Badr. This study was
focused on vegetation cover for the purpose of developing
pastures and also carried out some soil studies in the mentioned areas. The U.S. Soil Taxonomy system was used in
producing soil classification maps and interpretive soil maps
at a scale 1:50,000 (Tele Kart 1994).
2.3.3.5 Studies of Soil Resources of Candidate
Areas for Agricultural Investment (1987–
2007)
The studies were carried out by the soil team of the
Man-Made River Water Investment Authority, in cooperation with a number of soil mapping experts at the University
of Tripoli, headed by Dr. Khaled ben Mahmoud, Dr.
Azzeddin R. Elhawej and Dr. Khalil Suleiman. There were
25 sites scattered in the north-west, north-central and
north-eastern regions. These studies were conducted in the
paths of the Man-Made River project and considered the
criteria of the Modern US soil taxonomy. Through these
studies, pedological soil maps and interpretive soil maps
were obtained. These studies contain reports and maps at a
scale of 1: 50,000 and 1:20,000 (Soil Survey Team,
Man-Made River Investment Authority (Phase I and II,
1986–2007).
2.3.3.6 Studies of Soil Resources
for the Agricultural Mapping Project
in the north-western coastal areas, which
has not covered by the Study of Russian
Selkhozprom Export Company (National
Consultative Office in corporation with in
cooperation with a number of soil
mapping experts at the University of
Tripoli, headed by Dr. Khalid ben
Mahmoud, Dr. Azzeddin R. Elhawej
and Dr. Khalil Suleiman 2004–2006)
In 2004, areas in north-western coastal areas that had not
been covered by the study by the Russian Selkhozprom
Export Company were studied. These areas extend from the
western part of Al Ujeilat to Ras Ejder, and also receive
precipitation ranges less than 200 mm per year. The US
Soil Taxonomy system applied, and pedological soil maps
and interpretive soil maps were derived at a scale of
1:50,000.
In 2006, areas such as Zuwara, Sania Oum Mansour and
SawaniZrir, which are also located in the north-western
coastal areas were studied. In addition, the US Soil Taxonomy system was used to define soil characteristics and furthermore, the pedological soil maps and interpretive soil
maps have been obtained at a scale 1:50,000 (National
Consultative Office and Public Water Authority 2006).
2.3.3.7 Soil Resources studies for the planting
of (100) thousand hectares of irrigated
wheat in southern part of Libya (2005)
In 2005, 11 semidetailed soil survey location studies were
conducted in southern parts of Libya, including Kufra,
Debutats, Irun, Macknoush, Al Ariel, Al Burjooj, Wadi Al
Nashwa, SararAl Qatousa, Al Majdoul, Otlalab and west
Awanat. These studies were carried out by the Astrolabe
office (Libyan Consulting Engineers) in cooperation with a
number of soil mapping experts at the University of Tripoli,
headed by Dr. Khaled ben Mahmoud, Dr. Azzeddin R.
Elhawej and Dr. Khalil Suleiman). In addition to this, the US
Soil Taxonomy system was used in preparing soil classification maps and interpretive soil maps at a scale of 1:50,000
(Astrolabe Office “Consulting Engineers” and the Department of Agricultural and Pastoral Development 2005).
2.3.3.8 A Study of Soil Resources by the UNDP
Office in Tripoli (2002)
The detailed soil survey study for the farms was conducted
in the old city of Ghadames. The US Soil Taxonomy system
has been used to describe soil features and properties. The
pedological soil maps and interpretive soil maps were
derived at a scale 1: 50,000 (UNDP and Agricultural
Research Center, in cooperation with a number of soil
mapping experts at the University of Tripoli, headed by Dr.
Khaled ben Mahmoud, Dr. Azzeddin R. Elhawej and Dr.
Khalil Suleiman and 2002).
2.3.3.9 Other Soil Resources Studies
There are several other studies of soil for different areas and
multiple agricultural projects conducted by various bodies
such as the soil section of the General Authority for Water, as
well as the Hydro project and Energo Project companies from
Jugoslavija. There are also studies that include sporadic areas
such as Tawergha, Krarim, Tomina, Ad-Dafiniyah, Wadi
ka’am, Zliten, Bin Ghashir, Shakshouk, Al Josh, Tukuk,
south Jumayl, Al Urban (Hydroprojekt 1974) and Derj and
Ghadames (Engineering Consulting Office for Utilities 1996
in cooperation with two soil mapping experts at the University
of Tripoli, headed by Dr. Khalid ben Mahmoud and Dr.
Azzeddin R. Elhawej. The purpose of most of these studies
was to determine the suitability of the soil for agriculture and
the establishment of agricultural projects, the capability and
2 The History of Soil Mapping and Research
23
cover of 0.5 million hectares in the north-central region
(Ajdabiya region) in order to determine the status of natural
pastures (Solkhozprom Export 1980).
2.3.3.4 A Study of Soil Resources by Moroccan
Telekart Company (1989)
This study was conducted in some areas of the Jafara Plain
of Libya, such as Al Joush, Teji and Badr. This study was
focused on vegetation cover for the purpose of developing
pastures and also carried out some soil studies in the mentioned areas. The U.S. Soil Taxonomy system was used in
producing soil classification maps and interpretive soil maps
at a scale 1:50,000 (Tele Kart 1994).
2.3.3.5 Studies of Soil Resources of Candidate
Areas for Agricultural Investment (1987–
2007)
The studies were carried out by the soil team of the
Man-Made River Water Investment Authority, in cooperation with a number of soil mapping experts at the University
of Tripoli, headed by Dr. Khaled ben Mahmoud, Dr.
Azzeddin R. Elhawej and Dr. Khalil Suleiman. There were
25 sites scattered in the north-west, north-central and
north-eastern regions. These studies were conducted in the
paths of the Man-Made River project and considered the
criteria of the Modern US soil taxonomy. Through these
studies, pedological soil maps and interpretive soil maps
were obtained. These studies contain reports and maps at a
scale of 1: 50,000 and 1:20,000 (Soil Survey Team,
Man-Made River Investment Authority (Phase I and II,
1986–2007).
2.3.3.6 Studies of Soil Resources
for the Agricultural Mapping Project
in the north-western coastal areas, which
has not covered by the Study of Russian
Selkhozprom Export Company (National
Consultative Office in corporation with in
cooperation with a number of soil
mapping experts at the University of
Tripoli, headed by Dr. Khalid ben
Mahmoud, Dr. Azzeddin R. Elhawej
and Dr. Khalil Suleiman 2004–2006)
In 2004, areas in north-western coastal areas that had not
been covered by the study by the Russian Selkhozprom
Export Company were studied. These areas extend from the
western part of Al Ujeilat to Ras Ejder, and also receive
precipitation ranges less than 200 mm per year. The US
Soil Taxonomy system applied, and pedological soil maps
and interpretive soil maps were derived at a scale of
1:50,000.
In 2006, areas such as Zuwara, Sania Oum Mansour and
SawaniZrir, which are also located in the north-western
coastal areas were studied. In addition, the US Soil Taxonomy system was used to define soil characteristics and furthermore, the pedological soil maps and interpretive soil
maps have been obtained at a scale 1:50,000 (National
Consultative Office and Public Water Authority 2006).
2.3.3.7 Soil Resources studies for the planting
of (100) thousand hectares of irrigated
wheat in southern part of Libya (2005)
In 2005, 11 semidetailed soil survey location studies were
conducted in southern parts of Libya, including Kufra,
Debutats, Irun, Macknoush, Al Ariel, Al Burjooj, Wadi Al
Nashwa, SararAl Qatousa, Al Majdoul, Otlalab and west
Awanat. These studies were carried out by the Astrolabe
office (Libyan Consulting Engineers) in cooperation with a
number of soil mapping experts at the University of Tripoli,
headed by Dr. Khaled ben Mahmoud, Dr. Azzeddin R.
Elhawej and Dr. Khalil Suleiman). In addition to this, the US
Soil Taxonomy system was used in preparing soil classification maps and interpretive soil maps at a scale of 1:50,000
(Astrolabe Office “Consulting Engineers” and the Department of Agricultural and Pastoral Development 2005).
2.3.3.8 A Study of Soil Resources by the UNDP
Office in Tripoli (2002)
The detailed soil survey study for the farms was conducted
in the old city of Ghadames. The US Soil Taxonomy system
has been used to describe soil features and properties. The
pedological soil maps and interpretive soil maps were
derived at a scale 1: 50,000 (UNDP and Agricultural
Research Center, in cooperation with a number of soil
mapping experts at the University of Tripoli, headed by Dr.
Khaled ben Mahmoud, Dr. Azzeddin R. Elhawej and Dr.
Khalil Suleiman and 2002).
2.3.3.9 Other Soil Resources Studies
There are several other studies of soil for different areas and
multiple agricultural projects conducted by various bodies
such as the soil section of the General Authority for Water, as
well as the Hydro project and Energo Project companies from
Jugoslavija. There are also studies that include sporadic areas
such as Tawergha, Krarim, Tomina, Ad-Dafiniyah, Wadi
ka’am, Zliten, Bin Ghashir, Shakshouk, Al Josh, Tukuk,
south Jumayl, Al Urban (Hydroprojekt 1974) and Derj and
Ghadames (Engineering Consulting Office for Utilities 1996
in cooperation with two soil mapping experts at the University
of Tripoli, headed by Dr. Khalid ben Mahmoud and Dr.
Azzeddin R. Elhawej. The purpose of most of these studies
was to determine the suitability of the soil for agriculture and
the establishment of agricultural projects, the capability and
2 The History of Soil Mapping and Research
23