Fungi, 85–87, 89, 91, 92, 94, 96–98, 109
Fusarium, 88–92, 94, 96, 97
G
Geographic Information System (GIS), 7, 18–20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 73, 74,
76
Gibli, 3
Gravel dunes, 3
Green Mountain, 1, 58, 86
Groundwater, 2, 3, 9, 14, 16, 18, 38, 42, 44, 48, 55, 56, 63, 66–69, 80,
99, 100, 104, 114, 115, 119
Gypsids, 42, 51, 55, 65
Gypsum, 1, 40, 42, 44, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 74
H
Hammada, 37, 47, 61, 83
Heterotrophic, 86
Holding capacities, 1
Horizon, 1, 31, 32, 41–45, 48, 51, 54–61, 64, 65, 67, 69, 86
Human, 4, 8–10, 14, 35, 74, 113, 114, 117–119, 121
Hydrology, 18, 113
Hyperthermic, 34
I
Inceptisols, 40, 47, 50, 51, 59–61, 64
Infiltration rate, 1, 51, 64
Irrigated agriculture, 15, 74, 76, 115
Irrigation, 2, 6, 9, 14–16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25, 44, 63–66, 69, 76, 77, 80,
100, 114
J
Jabal Nafusa, 4, 32, 45, 47, 50, 61, 64, 83
Jafara Plain, 2, 3, 9, 23, 25, 28, 29, 36, 37, 40, 48, 57, 68, 87
L
Land degradation, 1, 3, 8–10, 20, 28, 29, 71, 113–119, 121
Legumes, 85, 87, 91, 92, 97–102, 104, 106
Libya, 1–10, 13–42, 44, 45, 47–51, 53–59, 61, 63–71, 73–76, 79–87,
90, 91, 94–102, 109, 110, 113–121
Libyan soils, 1, 18, 24, 26, 30, 35, 38, 40–45, 47, 49, 50, 55, 59, 61,
63–67, 69, 76, 85–87, 94, 96, 97, 107, 110
M
Map, 2, 3, 10, 20–28, 36, 39, 47, 50, 52, 73, 74, 84, 91
Mapping, 6, 13, 14, 18–26, 28, 29, 34, 45, 47, 65, 73, 74
Marshes, 3, 79
Medicago, 98, 100–103, 106
Mediterranean, 1, 36, 40, 48, 58, 74, 76, 79, 87, 101, 117
Mediterranean climate, 32, 34, 48, 64, 86, 116, 117
Mediterranean coast, 1, 3, 8, 74, 76, 84
Mediterranean Sea, 1, 2, 8, 32, 33, 86, 87, 98
Microbiology, 18, 19, 85, 86, 110
Microflora, 86
Microorganisms, 41, 43, 85–87, 109, 110, 119
Moderately weathered, 1
Mollic Epipedon, 59
Mollisols, 47, 50, 51, 59, 61, 64
Montmorillonite, 60
Mountains, 1, 3, 14, 19, 28, 31, 32, 36–38, 40, 41, 45, 47, 57, 59, 64,
68, 70, 73, 74, 76, 79, 84, 98, 99
Mycorrhiza, 94, 96
N
Natural vegetation, 3, 35–37, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 84, 114, 115
Nitrogen, 44, 51, 54, 57, 59, 60, 67, 85, 97, 98, 100–102, 104, 106–109
Non-symbiotic, 85, 107
North Africa, 1, 91, 114
Northeast, 34
North-West, 1–3, 9, 13, 23, 25, 28–30, 35, 40, 50, 70, 100–102
O
Oases, 15, 38, 56, 73, 76, 100, 107
Oasis, 55
Ochric, 48
Ochric horizon, 42, 51, 53–55, 57–60
Orthents, 51, 53, 57
Overdrawn, 9
P
Parent materials, 31, 32, 38, 40, 41, 43–45, 47, 48
Penicillium, 89–92, 94, 97
Pesticides, 8, 85, 107, 109, 115
Phenotypic, 101, 102
Plant nutrition, 18
Pollution, 1, 8, 10, 20, 85, 96, 97, 115
Population, 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 74, 86, 87, 97, 107, 108, 113–115, 118, 119,
121
Precipitation, 4, 8, 9, 23, 31–34, 38, 41, 42, 45, 48, 58, 73, 80, 84, 116
Productivity, 6, 8, 10, 22, 24, 29, 63–65, 67, 69, 76, 80–82, 107, 113,
119, 120
Psamments, 42, 48, 51, 52, 57
Pseudomonas, 109, 110
R
Rainfall, 1–3, 14, 22, 31, 32, 41, 57, 60, 64, 68, 69, 73, 74, 86, 96, 99,
101, 115, 117
Rainfed agriculture, 14, 74
Reclamation, 18, 65
Rehabilitation, 5, 65, 70
Remote sensing, 7, 18–21, 28, 29, 73
Rendolls, 42, 51, 59, 67
Resource, 1, 3, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20–26, 28, 34, 61, 63, 68–71, 73, 74,
113–115, 118–121
Rhizobium, 94, 101, 104–106, 109
Rhizosphere, 86, 87, 101, 107
Rocky, 1, 47, 51, 61, 70, 74
Runoff, 4, 5, 14, 36, 54, 64, 74, 115, 116
S
Sabkha, 6, 7, 40, 42, 74, 78
Sahara Desert, 1, 3, 34
Salids, 40, 42, 44, 51, 55, 56, 65
Saline, 37, 40, 42, 44, 47, 49, 50, 54–57, 59–61, 66, 74, 88, 101, 102,
104, 106
Saline soils, 1, 6, 7, 18, 65, 66, 87, 102, 106
Salinity, 6, 9, 10, 22, 29, 48, 54, 57, 58, 60, 61, 64–66, 85, 97,
100–104, 106, 110
130
Index
Fusarium, 88–92, 94, 96, 97
G
Geographic Information System (GIS), 7, 18–20, 24, 25, 28, 29, 73, 74,
76
Gibli, 3
Gravel dunes, 3
Green Mountain, 1, 58, 86
Groundwater, 2, 3, 9, 14, 16, 18, 38, 42, 44, 48, 55, 56, 63, 66–69, 80,
99, 100, 104, 114, 115, 119
Gypsids, 42, 51, 55, 65
Gypsum, 1, 40, 42, 44, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60, 74
H
Hammada, 37, 47, 61, 83
Heterotrophic, 86
Holding capacities, 1
Horizon, 1, 31, 32, 41–45, 48, 51, 54–61, 64, 65, 67, 69, 86
Human, 4, 8–10, 14, 35, 74, 113, 114, 117–119, 121
Hydrology, 18, 113
Hyperthermic, 34
I
Inceptisols, 40, 47, 50, 51, 59–61, 64
Infiltration rate, 1, 51, 64
Irrigated agriculture, 15, 74, 76, 115
Irrigation, 2, 6, 9, 14–16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 25, 44, 63–66, 69, 76, 77, 80,
100, 114
J
Jabal Nafusa, 4, 32, 45, 47, 50, 61, 64, 83
Jafara Plain, 2, 3, 9, 23, 25, 28, 29, 36, 37, 40, 48, 57, 68, 87
L
Land degradation, 1, 3, 8–10, 20, 28, 29, 71, 113–119, 121
Legumes, 85, 87, 91, 92, 97–102, 104, 106
Libya, 1–10, 13–42, 44, 45, 47–51, 53–59, 61, 63–71, 73–76, 79–87,
90, 91, 94–102, 109, 110, 113–121
Libyan soils, 1, 18, 24, 26, 30, 35, 38, 40–45, 47, 49, 50, 55, 59, 61,
63–67, 69, 76, 85–87, 94, 96, 97, 107, 110
M
Map, 2, 3, 10, 20–28, 36, 39, 47, 50, 52, 73, 74, 84, 91
Mapping, 6, 13, 14, 18–26, 28, 29, 34, 45, 47, 65, 73, 74
Marshes, 3, 79
Medicago, 98, 100–103, 106
Mediterranean, 1, 36, 40, 48, 58, 74, 76, 79, 87, 101, 117
Mediterranean climate, 32, 34, 48, 64, 86, 116, 117
Mediterranean coast, 1, 3, 8, 74, 76, 84
Mediterranean Sea, 1, 2, 8, 32, 33, 86, 87, 98
Microbiology, 18, 19, 85, 86, 110
Microflora, 86
Microorganisms, 41, 43, 85–87, 109, 110, 119
Moderately weathered, 1
Mollic Epipedon, 59
Mollisols, 47, 50, 51, 59, 61, 64
Montmorillonite, 60
Mountains, 1, 3, 14, 19, 28, 31, 32, 36–38, 40, 41, 45, 47, 57, 59, 64,
68, 70, 73, 74, 76, 79, 84, 98, 99
Mycorrhiza, 94, 96
N
Natural vegetation, 3, 35–37, 73, 74, 76, 77, 79, 84, 114, 115
Nitrogen, 44, 51, 54, 57, 59, 60, 67, 85, 97, 98, 100–102, 104, 106–109
Non-symbiotic, 85, 107
North Africa, 1, 91, 114
Northeast, 34
North-West, 1–3, 9, 13, 23, 25, 28–30, 35, 40, 50, 70, 100–102
O
Oases, 15, 38, 56, 73, 76, 100, 107
Oasis, 55
Ochric, 48
Ochric horizon, 42, 51, 53–55, 57–60
Orthents, 51, 53, 57
Overdrawn, 9
P
Parent materials, 31, 32, 38, 40, 41, 43–45, 47, 48
Penicillium, 89–92, 94, 97
Pesticides, 8, 85, 107, 109, 115
Phenotypic, 101, 102
Plant nutrition, 18
Pollution, 1, 8, 10, 20, 85, 96, 97, 115
Population, 1, 3, 5, 9, 10, 74, 86, 87, 97, 107, 108, 113–115, 118, 119,
121
Precipitation, 4, 8, 9, 23, 31–34, 38, 41, 42, 45, 48, 58, 73, 80, 84, 116
Productivity, 6, 8, 10, 22, 24, 29, 63–65, 67, 69, 76, 80–82, 107, 113,
119, 120
Psamments, 42, 48, 51, 52, 57
Pseudomonas, 109, 110
R
Rainfall, 1–3, 14, 22, 31, 32, 41, 57, 60, 64, 68, 69, 73, 74, 86, 96, 99,
101, 115, 117
Rainfed agriculture, 14, 74
Reclamation, 18, 65
Rehabilitation, 5, 65, 70
Remote sensing, 7, 18–21, 28, 29, 73
Rendolls, 42, 51, 59, 67
Resource, 1, 3, 10, 13, 14, 17, 20–26, 28, 34, 61, 63, 68–71, 73, 74,
113–115, 118–121
Rhizobium, 94, 101, 104–106, 109
Rhizosphere, 86, 87, 101, 107
Rocky, 1, 47, 51, 61, 70, 74
Runoff, 4, 5, 14, 36, 54, 64, 74, 115, 116
S
Sabkha, 6, 7, 40, 42, 74, 78
Sahara Desert, 1, 3, 34
Salids, 40, 42, 44, 51, 55, 56, 65
Saline, 37, 40, 42, 44, 47, 49, 50, 54–57, 59–61, 66, 74, 88, 101, 102,
104, 106
Saline soils, 1, 6, 7, 18, 65, 66, 87, 102, 106
Salinity, 6, 9, 10, 22, 29, 48, 54, 57, 58, 60, 61, 64–66, 85, 97,
100–104, 106, 110
130
Index