M
Macroaggregate, 203, 205
Magnesian Eutrosols, 111–113
Mangrove, 42
Man-made soil, 255, 256
Manure, 191, 194, 195, 202–205, 210–213, 224, 226, 227, 231–233,
337, 339, 340, 343, 351–354
Manure application, 261–263
Manure compost, 291–293
Marginal seas, 23, 25
Mariana arc, 22
Mariana Trench, 22
Marine isotope stage (MIS), 15–20, 30, 32–35
Marine pollution, 355, 356
Marine terraces, 15, 32–35
Mass movement, 25, 27, 29, 30, 36
Material cycling, 154, 155, 158
Mean annual air temperature, 13, 16
Meander, 32
Median Tectonic Line, 274
Mesic, 77, 78
Mesic soil temperature regime, 14
Methane, 140, 155, 159, 165, 174
Microbial biomass, 348
Middle Terrace, 276, 277, 279–281
Mineral artifactual soils, 255
Miocene, 25
Mitigation, 170
Miyakonojo basin, 332, 352, 353
Moderately moist phase (drier type), 119
Moderately moist phase, 119
Monsoon, 3, 5, 19–21, 41
Moraine, 30
Mountain erosion, 5
Mt. Daisen, 301, 304, 312, 314, 318
Mt Fuji, 7, 273, 274, 294
Mt Sanbe, 301, 314
Multi-storied forest, 290
N
N 2 fixation, 211–213
Nankai Trough, 22
Nansei Islands, 4, 5, 327, 328, 330–332, 336, 337, 347, 348, 352
Natural disaster, 343, 358
Natural N supply, 195
Na-type clay, 359
Net ecosystem carbon balance, 174, 175
Nitrate, 291, 293, 294, 296, 328, 338, 339, 352
Nitrate leaching countermeasures, 300
Nitrate nitrogen, 145, 147, 148, 151, 159, 161, 165–167, 170
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, 267
Nitrate pollution, 166
Nitrogen, 137, 140–153, 155, 158, 159, 161–163, 165–174, 176, 180
Nitrogen budget, 194, 211
Nitrogen cycle, 338
Nitrogen fertilizer, 263
Nitrogen mineralization, 335, 340
Nitrogen use, 295
Nitrogen utilization rate, 322
Nitrous oxide, 155, 160, 166, 167, 174, 295
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), 338, 339, 353
Non-allophanic Andosols, 57, 63, 64, 66, 249, 251, 276, 280, 281, 295
Non-volcanic outer arc, 23
No puddling, 165
North American Plate, 22
Northeast Japan arc, 22, 25, 27
No tillage, 165
N saturation, 318
Nutrient imbalance, 53, 67
Nutrient management, 147
O
Okhotsk Current, 14, 18
Okhotsk Plate, 22, 27
Open cultivation, 146–148, 167
Open-field vegetable cultivation, 291
Orange, 7
Organic acids, 91–97
Organic amendment, 339, 352
Organic farming, 339, 340
Organic fertilizer, 339, 340, 343, 352
Organic materials, 194, 209, 210
Organic matter, 135, 142–144, 146, 148, 149, 155, 157, 159, 160, 165,
166, 168–170, 172, 175, 180, 256, 262, 269, 328, 333, 335–337,
343, 348, 349, 358
Organic soils, 56, 64, 66, 67, 69, 72, 74–82, 85
Organic soil material, 74, 75
Organo-mineral complexes, 92–94, 97
Outer zone, 23, 25, 34, 274, 300, 301
Oxidized layer, 48
Oxygen isotope ratio (d
18
O), 15, 18
Oyashio Current, 18
P
Pacific Ocean, 3, 4, 7
Pacific Plate, 22, 27
Paddy, 5, 7–9
Paddy field, 136–142, 158–161, 163, 165, 300–308, 310, 312, 313,
316, 319, 321–323, 331, 332, 340–343, 349, 357–359
Paddy rice, 327, 331, 332, 338, 339, 341, 354, 358, 359
Paddy-upland rotation, 191, 209–211, 220
Paleo-Red soil theory, 105
Paleosol, 332
Paludization-type peatlands, 76, 78, 79, 82
Parent material, 328, 343
Particulate organic matter, 203–205
Peat, 17, 38, 39
Peat soil, 5, 75–77, 79–81, 99, 103, 109, 110, 137–139, 141, 149, 150,
168, 277, 280
Pelleting of livestock manure, 295, 296
Pelletized compost, 352
Permafrost, 17, 30, 97
Permeability, 331, 335, 340, 343, 344, 352, 353, 358, 359
Persistent organic pollutants, 268
Philippine Sea Plate, 22, 27
Phosphate fertilizer, 193, 203, 244, 334, 348, 354
Phosphate fertilizer reduction, 147, 179
Phosphate fixation capacity, 5
Phosphorus, 137, 140, 141, 149–154, 161, 165
Phosphorus-fixing capacity, 69, 82
Physical properties, 332, 337, 340, 342, 348, 358
Phytolith, 15, 38, 44
Pineapple, 7
Plain, 5, 7
Planted cypress forest, 289
Pleistocene, 13–15, 31, 36, 38
Pleistocene terraces, 62, 246, 249, 251
Plow layer depth, 348
Plow pan layer, 287
370
Index
Macroaggregate, 203, 205
Magnesian Eutrosols, 111–113
Mangrove, 42
Man-made soil, 255, 256
Manure, 191, 194, 195, 202–205, 210–213, 224, 226, 227, 231–233,
337, 339, 340, 343, 351–354
Manure application, 261–263
Manure compost, 291–293
Marginal seas, 23, 25
Mariana arc, 22
Mariana Trench, 22
Marine isotope stage (MIS), 15–20, 30, 32–35
Marine pollution, 355, 356
Marine terraces, 15, 32–35
Mass movement, 25, 27, 29, 30, 36
Material cycling, 154, 155, 158
Mean annual air temperature, 13, 16
Meander, 32
Median Tectonic Line, 274
Mesic, 77, 78
Mesic soil temperature regime, 14
Methane, 140, 155, 159, 165, 174
Microbial biomass, 348
Middle Terrace, 276, 277, 279–281
Mineral artifactual soils, 255
Miocene, 25
Mitigation, 170
Miyakonojo basin, 332, 352, 353
Moderately moist phase (drier type), 119
Moderately moist phase, 119
Monsoon, 3, 5, 19–21, 41
Moraine, 30
Mountain erosion, 5
Mt. Daisen, 301, 304, 312, 314, 318
Mt Fuji, 7, 273, 274, 294
Mt Sanbe, 301, 314
Multi-storied forest, 290
N
N 2 fixation, 211–213
Nankai Trough, 22
Nansei Islands, 4, 5, 327, 328, 330–332, 336, 337, 347, 348, 352
Natural disaster, 343, 358
Natural N supply, 195
Na-type clay, 359
Net ecosystem carbon balance, 174, 175
Nitrate, 291, 293, 294, 296, 328, 338, 339, 352
Nitrate leaching countermeasures, 300
Nitrate nitrogen, 145, 147, 148, 151, 159, 161, 165–167, 170
Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, 267
Nitrate pollution, 166
Nitrogen, 137, 140–153, 155, 158, 159, 161–163, 165–174, 176, 180
Nitrogen budget, 194, 211
Nitrogen cycle, 338
Nitrogen fertilizer, 263
Nitrogen mineralization, 335, 340
Nitrogen use, 295
Nitrogen utilization rate, 322
Nitrous oxide, 155, 160, 166, 167, 174, 295
Nitrous oxide (N 2 O), 338, 339, 353
Non-allophanic Andosols, 57, 63, 64, 66, 249, 251, 276, 280, 281, 295
Non-volcanic outer arc, 23
No puddling, 165
North American Plate, 22
Northeast Japan arc, 22, 25, 27
No tillage, 165
N saturation, 318
Nutrient imbalance, 53, 67
Nutrient management, 147
O
Okhotsk Current, 14, 18
Okhotsk Plate, 22, 27
Open cultivation, 146–148, 167
Open-field vegetable cultivation, 291
Orange, 7
Organic acids, 91–97
Organic amendment, 339, 352
Organic farming, 339, 340
Organic fertilizer, 339, 340, 343, 352
Organic materials, 194, 209, 210
Organic matter, 135, 142–144, 146, 148, 149, 155, 157, 159, 160, 165,
166, 168–170, 172, 175, 180, 256, 262, 269, 328, 333, 335–337,
343, 348, 349, 358
Organic soils, 56, 64, 66, 67, 69, 72, 74–82, 85
Organic soil material, 74, 75
Organo-mineral complexes, 92–94, 97
Outer zone, 23, 25, 34, 274, 300, 301
Oxidized layer, 48
Oxygen isotope ratio (d
18
O), 15, 18
Oyashio Current, 18
P
Pacific Ocean, 3, 4, 7
Pacific Plate, 22, 27
Paddy, 5, 7–9
Paddy field, 136–142, 158–161, 163, 165, 300–308, 310, 312, 313,
316, 319, 321–323, 331, 332, 340–343, 349, 357–359
Paddy rice, 327, 331, 332, 338, 339, 341, 354, 358, 359
Paddy-upland rotation, 191, 209–211, 220
Paleo-Red soil theory, 105
Paleosol, 332
Paludization-type peatlands, 76, 78, 79, 82
Parent material, 328, 343
Particulate organic matter, 203–205
Peat, 17, 38, 39
Peat soil, 5, 75–77, 79–81, 99, 103, 109, 110, 137–139, 141, 149, 150,
168, 277, 280
Pelleting of livestock manure, 295, 296
Pelletized compost, 352
Permafrost, 17, 30, 97
Permeability, 331, 335, 340, 343, 344, 352, 353, 358, 359
Persistent organic pollutants, 268
Philippine Sea Plate, 22, 27
Phosphate fertilizer, 193, 203, 244, 334, 348, 354
Phosphate fertilizer reduction, 147, 179
Phosphate fixation capacity, 5
Phosphorus, 137, 140, 141, 149–154, 161, 165
Phosphorus-fixing capacity, 69, 82
Physical properties, 332, 337, 340, 342, 348, 358
Phytolith, 15, 38, 44
Pineapple, 7
Plain, 5, 7
Planted cypress forest, 289
Pleistocene, 13–15, 31, 36, 38
Pleistocene terraces, 62, 246, 249, 251
Plow layer depth, 348
Plow pan layer, 287
370
Index