contained in the residue of marine algae that is present in
fishery waste, and compost with this waste may consequently have a high arsenic concentration.
(2) Estimation of cadmium load and removal in vegetable soils
Cadmium concentrations in cultivated soils in Hokkaido
(0.09 mg kg
−1 ) were higher than those in non-cultivated
soils (0.05 mg kg
−1 ) (Table 5.16). Therefore, Hosobuchi
et al. (2011) compared the cadmium load introduced to soil
by fertilizer and compost and its removal by crops in vegetable fields. The cadmium loads introduced to soils that
cultivated tomato, cabbage, and Japanese radish were found
to be mostly derived from the application of compost and
phosphate fertilizer, with the load being the highest for
compost (Table 5.18). When comparing the cadmium load
with the cadmium removal in tomato, which had a large
cadmium uptake and for which both the edible and residual
parts were removed from the field, the cadmium removal
was found to be large irrespective of whether compost was
applied. However, for cabbage and Japanese radish, the
Table 5.16 Heavy metal
concentrations in cultivated and
non-cultivated soils in Hokkaido
Soils
Zn
Cu
Cd
(mg kg
−1
)
Pb
As
Paddy
5.2
4.7
0.11
1.2
1.6
Upland
3.4
1.0
0.08
0.7
0.5
Vegetable
5.3
0.4
0.06
0.7
1.2
Orchard
16.6
5.8
0.20
5.1
2.6
Glassland
4.7
0.5
0.02
0.5
0.5
Whole cultivated
4.7
1.6
0.09
0.7
0.8
Non-cultivated
4.3
0.6
0.05
0.7
0.4
Zn, Cu, and Cd were extracted with 0.1 mol L
−1 HCl
Pb was extracted with 1 mol L
−1 ammonium acetate (pH4.5)
As was extracted with 1 mol L
−1 HCl
Table 5.17 Heavy metal
concentrations in organic
materials for compost and
fertilizers
Zn
Cu
Cd
Pb
As
(mg kg
−1
)
Compost
Material
(dry weight basis)
Rice straw
83
30
0.24
7.8
0.72
Bark
225
40
0.28
11
1.5
Cattle manure
95
21
0.25
7.6
1.2
Pigs manure
738
244
1.0
9.5
1.4
Layers manure
218
34
0.59
12
0.30
Horses manure
135
32
0.21
10
2.0
Sewage sludge
(dry weight basis)
Lime-treated sludge
777
125
0.80
54
11
Polymeric sludge
1139
203
1.6
58
19
Fisheries waste
(fresh weight basis)
Digestive gland of squid
83
141
23
Mid-gut gland of scallop
28
5.8
18
starfish
43
1.4
2.8
Holdfast of kelp
19
a
Chemical
Fertilizer
(fresh weight basis)
Ammonium sulfate
0.01
b,d
Super-phosphate
95
c
11
c
4.0
d
Double super-phosphate
110
c
10
c
6.7
b
High analysis compound
69
c
15
c
3.0
d
Potassium sulfate
0.20
b
a Jin et al. (2012) Rep. Hokkaido Inst. Pub. Health, 62, 21b
Hosobuchi et al. (2011) Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 207c Mishima et al. (2005) Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 51, 437d
Mishima et al. (2004) Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 50, 263164
T. Nakatsuji et al.
fishery waste, and compost with this waste may consequently have a high arsenic concentration.
(2) Estimation of cadmium load and removal in vegetable soils
Cadmium concentrations in cultivated soils in Hokkaido
(0.09 mg kg
−1 ) were higher than those in non-cultivated
soils (0.05 mg kg
−1 ) (Table 5.16). Therefore, Hosobuchi
et al. (2011) compared the cadmium load introduced to soil
by fertilizer and compost and its removal by crops in vegetable fields. The cadmium loads introduced to soils that
cultivated tomato, cabbage, and Japanese radish were found
to be mostly derived from the application of compost and
phosphate fertilizer, with the load being the highest for
compost (Table 5.18). When comparing the cadmium load
with the cadmium removal in tomato, which had a large
cadmium uptake and for which both the edible and residual
parts were removed from the field, the cadmium removal
was found to be large irrespective of whether compost was
applied. However, for cabbage and Japanese radish, the
Table 5.16 Heavy metal
concentrations in cultivated and
non-cultivated soils in Hokkaido
Soils
Zn
Cu
Cd
(mg kg
−1
)
Pb
As
Paddy
5.2
4.7
0.11
1.2
1.6
Upland
3.4
1.0
0.08
0.7
0.5
Vegetable
5.3
0.4
0.06
0.7
1.2
Orchard
16.6
5.8
0.20
5.1
2.6
Glassland
4.7
0.5
0.02
0.5
0.5
Whole cultivated
4.7
1.6
0.09
0.7
0.8
Non-cultivated
4.3
0.6
0.05
0.7
0.4
Zn, Cu, and Cd were extracted with 0.1 mol L
−1 HCl
Pb was extracted with 1 mol L
−1 ammonium acetate (pH4.5)
As was extracted with 1 mol L
−1 HCl
Table 5.17 Heavy metal
concentrations in organic
materials for compost and
fertilizers
Zn
Cu
Cd
Pb
As
(mg kg
−1
)
Compost
Material
(dry weight basis)
Rice straw
83
30
0.24
7.8
0.72
Bark
225
40
0.28
11
1.5
Cattle manure
95
21
0.25
7.6
1.2
Pigs manure
738
244
1.0
9.5
1.4
Layers manure
218
34
0.59
12
0.30
Horses manure
135
32
0.21
10
2.0
Sewage sludge
(dry weight basis)
Lime-treated sludge
777
125
0.80
54
11
Polymeric sludge
1139
203
1.6
58
19
Fisheries waste
(fresh weight basis)
Digestive gland of squid
83
141
23
Mid-gut gland of scallop
28
5.8
18
starfish
43
1.4
2.8
Holdfast of kelp
19
a
Chemical
Fertilizer
(fresh weight basis)
Ammonium sulfate
0.01
b,d
Super-phosphate
95
c
11
c
4.0
d
Double super-phosphate
110
c
10
c
6.7
b
High analysis compound
69
c
15
c
3.0
d
Potassium sulfate
0.20
b
a Jin et al. (2012) Rep. Hokkaido Inst. Pub. Health, 62, 21b
Hosobuchi et al. (2011) Jpn. J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 82, 207c Mishima et al. (2005) Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 51, 437d
Mishima et al. (2004) Soil Sci. Plant Nutr., 50, 263164
T. Nakatsuji et al.