forest transect, determined using 14C-bomb. In: Schulze ED
(ed) Carbon and nitrogen cycling in European forest ecosystems.
Springer, Berlin, pp 237–256
Hashimoto N (1969) Brown forest soils in the mountains of Japan.
Pedologist 13:36–43 (in Japanese)
Hayakawa C, Funakawa S, Fujii K, Kadono A, Kosaki T (2014) Effects
of climatic and soil properties on cellulose decomposition rates in
temperate and tropical forests. Biol Fertil Soils 50:633–643
Hiradate S, Nakadai T, Shindo H, Yoneyama T (2004) Carbon source
of humic substances in some Japanese volcanic ash soils determined
by carbon stable isotopic ratio, d13C. Geoderma 119:133–141
Hirai H, Araki S, Kyuma K (1988) Characteristics of brown forest soils
developed on the Paleozoic shale in northern Kyoto with special
reference to their pedogenetic process. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 39:157–
170
Hirai H, Araki S, Kyuma K (1990) Characteristics of brown forest soils
in northern Kyoto as compared with Andisols, Red- and/or
Yellow-colored soils, and podzolic soils. Soil Sci Plant Nutr
36:623–632
Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau (1979) Survey for developing
peatlands. In: Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau (ed) Specific
soils in Hokkaido—formation, distribution and land improvement.
Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau, Sapporo, pp 25–73. (in
Japanese)
Honna T, Yamamoto S, Matsui K (1988) A simple procedure to
determine melanic index useful to separation of melanic and fulvic
Andisols. Pedolojist 32:69–78
Hosono M, Sase T (2015) The historical development of “Kurobokudo” layer: preliminary discussion from the perspective of
human-made ecosystems. Quat Res 54:323–339 (in Japanese)
Imaya A (2008) Chemical properties and pedogenesis of
yellowish/yellow brown forest soils in the submontane and
mountain zones of Kyushu district, southwestern Japan. Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 54:424–433
Imaya A, Ohta S, Tanaka N, Inagaki Y (2005) General chemical
properties of Brown Forest Soils developed from different parent
materials in the submontane zone of the Kanto and Chubu districts,
Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 51:873–884
Imaya A, Inagaki Y, Tanaka N, Ohta S (2007) Free oxides and
short-range ordered mineral properties of brown forest soils
developed from different parent materials in the submontane zone
of the Kanto and Chubu districts, Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53:621–
633
Imaya A, Yoshinaga S, Inagaki Y, Tanaka N, Ohta S (2010a) Volcanic
ash additions control soil carbon accumulation in brown forest soils
in Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 56:734–744
Imaya A, Yoshinaga S, Inagaki Y, Tanaka N, Ohta S (2010b) Proposal
for advanced classification of brown forest soils in Japan with
reference to the degree of volcanic ash additions. Soil Sci Plant Nutr
56:454–465
Inoue K (1981) Implications of Eolian Dusts to 14Å minerals in the
volcanic ash soils in Japan. Pedolojist 25:97–118
Inoue K, Huang PM (1984) Influence of citric acid on the natural
formation of imogolite. Nature 308:58–60
Inoue K, Satake H, Wakamatsu Y, Mizota C, Kusakabe M (1993)
Eolian dust origin of parent materials of the red and yellow soil
group in the Nansei syoto, Japan. Oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios
of quartz, muscovite and calcite isolated from soils, bedrocks, and
piston cores. Quat Res (Daiyonki-kenkyu) 32(3):139–155. (in
Japanese with English summary)
Ito T, Shoji S, Masahiko S (1991a) Classification of volcanic ash soils
from Konsen District, Hokkaido according to the last keys to Soil
Taxonomy. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 62:237–247 (in Japanese with
English summary)
Ito T, Shoji S, Shirato Y, Ono E (1991b) Differentiation of a spodic
horizon from a buried A horizon. Soil Sci Soc Am J 55:438–442
IUSS Working Group WRB (2006) World reference base for soil
resources, 2006. World Soil Resources Reports No. 103. FAO,
Rome
IUSS Working Group WRB (2014) World reference base for soil
resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming
soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources
Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World reference base for soil
resources 2014, update 2015 international soil classification system
for naming soils and creating legends for soil map. World Soil
Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome
Jansen B, Nierop KGJ, Verstraten JM (2005) Mechanisms controlling
the mobility of dissolved organic matter, aluminium and iron in
podzol B horizons. Eur J Soil Sci 56:537–550
Japan Meteorological Agency (2017) Active volcanoes in Japan. http://
www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/STOCK/kaisetsu/
katsukazan_toha/katsukazan_toha.html
Kaila A (1956) Determination of the degree of humification in peat
samples. J Agric Sci Finl 28:18–35
Kamoshita Y (1940) The soil types of the TSUGARU plain, Aomori
prefecture, Nippon. J Imp Agr Exp Stat III-3:401–420. (in Japanese
and English summary)
Kanda T, Takata Y, Wakabayashi S, Kohyama K, Obara H (2017)
Development of the 1:50,000 digital soil map of cultivated soil
Japan accordingly to the comprehensive soil classification system of
Japan—first approximation. Jpn J. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 88:29–34 (in
Japanese)
Kanda T, Takata Y, Kohyama K, Ohkura T, Maejima Y, Wakabayashi S, Obara H (2018) New soil maps of Japan based on the
comprehensive soil classification system of Japan–first approximation and its application to the world reference base for soil resources
2006. JARQ 52:285–292–550
Kanno H. (1957) Fundamental soil profiles of inorganic paddy soils.
Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 27:393–396. (in Japanese)
Kanno I (1961) Soils on genesis and classification of major soil types of
Japan, No. 2, Red-yellow soil. Bull Kyushu Exp Stn 7:187–306 (in
Japanese)
Kanno I, Nagai M, Arimura S (1951) The Red soils derived From the
residua of Granitic Rocks, northern coast of the Inland Sea. Bull
Kyushu Agric Exp Stat 22:41–45 (in Japanese with English
summary)
Kanno H, Hirai H, Takahashi T, Nanzyo M (2008) Soil regions map of
Japan based on a reclassification of the 1:1 million soil map of
Japan (1990) according to the unified soil classification system of
Japan—2nd approximation (2002). Pedologist 52(2):129–133 (in
Japanese)
Kato Y (1961) Clay mineralogy of “Kuroboku” Soil at Nihondaira,
Shizuoka Prefecture. J Sci Soil Manure Jap 32:328–332
Kato Y (1979) Significance of parent materials for soil genesis and soil
classification. Pedologist 23:58–65 (in Japanese)
Kato T, Kamijo T, Hatta T, Tamura K, Higashi T (2005) Initial soil
formation processes of Volcanogenous Regosols (Scoriacious) from
Miyake-jima Island, Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 51:291–301
Katsumi T (2015) Soil excavation and reclamation in civil engineering:
environmental aspects. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 61:22–29
Kawada H, Takami M (1957) A study on correlations between
chemical properties and types of forest soil. For Soils Jpn 8:81–124
(in Japanese with English summary)
Kawai N, Murata T, Watanabe M, Tanaka H (2015) Influence of
historical manmade alterations on soil-forming processes in a
former imperial estate (Shirogane-goryouchi), the Institute for
Nature Study: development of a soil evaluation technique and
4 Major Soil Types
129
(ed) Carbon and nitrogen cycling in European forest ecosystems.
Springer, Berlin, pp 237–256
Hashimoto N (1969) Brown forest soils in the mountains of Japan.
Pedologist 13:36–43 (in Japanese)
Hayakawa C, Funakawa S, Fujii K, Kadono A, Kosaki T (2014) Effects
of climatic and soil properties on cellulose decomposition rates in
temperate and tropical forests. Biol Fertil Soils 50:633–643
Hiradate S, Nakadai T, Shindo H, Yoneyama T (2004) Carbon source
of humic substances in some Japanese volcanic ash soils determined
by carbon stable isotopic ratio, d13C. Geoderma 119:133–141
Hirai H, Araki S, Kyuma K (1988) Characteristics of brown forest soils
developed on the Paleozoic shale in northern Kyoto with special
reference to their pedogenetic process. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 39:157–
170
Hirai H, Araki S, Kyuma K (1990) Characteristics of brown forest soils
in northern Kyoto as compared with Andisols, Red- and/or
Yellow-colored soils, and podzolic soils. Soil Sci Plant Nutr
36:623–632
Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau (1979) Survey for developing
peatlands. In: Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau (ed) Specific
soils in Hokkaido—formation, distribution and land improvement.
Hokkaido Regional Development Bureau, Sapporo, pp 25–73. (in
Japanese)
Honna T, Yamamoto S, Matsui K (1988) A simple procedure to
determine melanic index useful to separation of melanic and fulvic
Andisols. Pedolojist 32:69–78
Hosono M, Sase T (2015) The historical development of “Kurobokudo” layer: preliminary discussion from the perspective of
human-made ecosystems. Quat Res 54:323–339 (in Japanese)
Imaya A (2008) Chemical properties and pedogenesis of
yellowish/yellow brown forest soils in the submontane and
mountain zones of Kyushu district, southwestern Japan. Soil Sci
Plant Nutr 54:424–433
Imaya A, Ohta S, Tanaka N, Inagaki Y (2005) General chemical
properties of Brown Forest Soils developed from different parent
materials in the submontane zone of the Kanto and Chubu districts,
Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 51:873–884
Imaya A, Inagaki Y, Tanaka N, Ohta S (2007) Free oxides and
short-range ordered mineral properties of brown forest soils
developed from different parent materials in the submontane zone
of the Kanto and Chubu districts, Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 53:621–
633
Imaya A, Yoshinaga S, Inagaki Y, Tanaka N, Ohta S (2010a) Volcanic
ash additions control soil carbon accumulation in brown forest soils
in Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 56:734–744
Imaya A, Yoshinaga S, Inagaki Y, Tanaka N, Ohta S (2010b) Proposal
for advanced classification of brown forest soils in Japan with
reference to the degree of volcanic ash additions. Soil Sci Plant Nutr
56:454–465
Inoue K (1981) Implications of Eolian Dusts to 14Å minerals in the
volcanic ash soils in Japan. Pedolojist 25:97–118
Inoue K, Huang PM (1984) Influence of citric acid on the natural
formation of imogolite. Nature 308:58–60
Inoue K, Satake H, Wakamatsu Y, Mizota C, Kusakabe M (1993)
Eolian dust origin of parent materials of the red and yellow soil
group in the Nansei syoto, Japan. Oxygen and carbon isotopic ratios
of quartz, muscovite and calcite isolated from soils, bedrocks, and
piston cores. Quat Res (Daiyonki-kenkyu) 32(3):139–155. (in
Japanese with English summary)
Ito T, Shoji S, Masahiko S (1991a) Classification of volcanic ash soils
from Konsen District, Hokkaido according to the last keys to Soil
Taxonomy. Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 62:237–247 (in Japanese with
English summary)
Ito T, Shoji S, Shirato Y, Ono E (1991b) Differentiation of a spodic
horizon from a buried A horizon. Soil Sci Soc Am J 55:438–442
IUSS Working Group WRB (2006) World reference base for soil
resources, 2006. World Soil Resources Reports No. 103. FAO,
Rome
IUSS Working Group WRB (2014) World reference base for soil
resources 2014. International soil classification system for naming
soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources
Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome
IUSS Working Group WRB (2015) World reference base for soil
resources 2014, update 2015 international soil classification system
for naming soils and creating legends for soil map. World Soil
Resources Reports No. 106. FAO, Rome
Jansen B, Nierop KGJ, Verstraten JM (2005) Mechanisms controlling
the mobility of dissolved organic matter, aluminium and iron in
podzol B horizons. Eur J Soil Sci 56:537–550
Japan Meteorological Agency (2017) Active volcanoes in Japan. http://
www.data.jma.go.jp/svd/vois/data/tokyo/STOCK/kaisetsu/
katsukazan_toha/katsukazan_toha.html
Kaila A (1956) Determination of the degree of humification in peat
samples. J Agric Sci Finl 28:18–35
Kamoshita Y (1940) The soil types of the TSUGARU plain, Aomori
prefecture, Nippon. J Imp Agr Exp Stat III-3:401–420. (in Japanese
and English summary)
Kanda T, Takata Y, Wakabayashi S, Kohyama K, Obara H (2017)
Development of the 1:50,000 digital soil map of cultivated soil
Japan accordingly to the comprehensive soil classification system of
Japan—first approximation. Jpn J. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 88:29–34 (in
Japanese)
Kanda T, Takata Y, Kohyama K, Ohkura T, Maejima Y, Wakabayashi S, Obara H (2018) New soil maps of Japan based on the
comprehensive soil classification system of Japan–first approximation and its application to the world reference base for soil resources
2006. JARQ 52:285–292–550
Kanno H. (1957) Fundamental soil profiles of inorganic paddy soils.
Jpn J Soil Sci Plant Nutr 27:393–396. (in Japanese)
Kanno I (1961) Soils on genesis and classification of major soil types of
Japan, No. 2, Red-yellow soil. Bull Kyushu Exp Stn 7:187–306 (in
Japanese)
Kanno I, Nagai M, Arimura S (1951) The Red soils derived From the
residua of Granitic Rocks, northern coast of the Inland Sea. Bull
Kyushu Agric Exp Stat 22:41–45 (in Japanese with English
summary)
Kanno H, Hirai H, Takahashi T, Nanzyo M (2008) Soil regions map of
Japan based on a reclassification of the 1:1 million soil map of
Japan (1990) according to the unified soil classification system of
Japan—2nd approximation (2002). Pedologist 52(2):129–133 (in
Japanese)
Kato Y (1961) Clay mineralogy of “Kuroboku” Soil at Nihondaira,
Shizuoka Prefecture. J Sci Soil Manure Jap 32:328–332
Kato Y (1979) Significance of parent materials for soil genesis and soil
classification. Pedologist 23:58–65 (in Japanese)
Kato T, Kamijo T, Hatta T, Tamura K, Higashi T (2005) Initial soil
formation processes of Volcanogenous Regosols (Scoriacious) from
Miyake-jima Island, Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 51:291–301
Katsumi T (2015) Soil excavation and reclamation in civil engineering:
environmental aspects. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 61:22–29
Kawada H, Takami M (1957) A study on correlations between
chemical properties and types of forest soil. For Soils Jpn 8:81–124
(in Japanese with English summary)
Kawai N, Murata T, Watanabe M, Tanaka H (2015) Influence of
historical manmade alterations on soil-forming processes in a
former imperial estate (Shirogane-goryouchi), the Institute for
Nature Study: development of a soil evaluation technique and
4 Major Soil Types
129