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3.4 Environmental Management Plan
Once the type and quantum of an environmental impact are predicted, the project
proponent shall chart out an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to reduce the
environmental impact. An example of EMP is summarized in Table 3.5.
3.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental monitoring is essential to evaluate whether predicted impact is correlating with the actual impact. An example of environmental monitoring plan is
given in Table 3.6.
Since nearly half century, EIA has become an established tool for environmental
management. But effectiveness of the environmental impacts forecasted can be
ascertained only after monitoring. In the case where the impact exceeds the prediction or legal consideration, then the situation demands corrective action which
includes:
1. Avoiding further development in the area, which is likely to deteriorate
environment
2. Changing environmental management plan
3.6 Public Participation
The consequence of the theoretical awakening of EIA has been seen in the 1990s in
the area of public participation (Richard 2012). Daneke et al. (1983) and Hartley
and Wood (2005) have identified several barriers in public participation such as poor
public knowledge of planning, legal as well as waste licensing issues besides mistrust of the waste disposal industry and ‘not in my back yard’ (NIMBY) syndrome
apart from poor information dissemination and failure to influence the process of
decision-making.
Public participation in EIA is usually believed to promote democratic policymaking and to provide EIA more effective (Glucker et al. 2013). But public participation is often used as a platform for protest to new projects. Residents of 56 villages
protested against proposed coal projects in Chhattisgarh as the three coal projects in
the region will impact these villages, requiring a diversion of 6802 hectares of land
(Agarwal 2019). Opponents of the Chana industrial estate project, Thailand staged
a protest in the public hearing with respect to project (Thai pbsworld 2020).
3 Environmental Impact Assessment
3.4 Environmental Management Plan
Once the type and quantum of an environmental impact are predicted, the project
proponent shall chart out an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to reduce the
environmental impact. An example of EMP is summarized in Table 3.5.
3.5 Environmental Monitoring Plan
Environmental monitoring is essential to evaluate whether predicted impact is correlating with the actual impact. An example of environmental monitoring plan is
given in Table 3.6.
Since nearly half century, EIA has become an established tool for environmental
management. But effectiveness of the environmental impacts forecasted can be
ascertained only after monitoring. In the case where the impact exceeds the prediction or legal consideration, then the situation demands corrective action which
includes:
1. Avoiding further development in the area, which is likely to deteriorate
environment
2. Changing environmental management plan
3.6 Public Participation
The consequence of the theoretical awakening of EIA has been seen in the 1990s in
the area of public participation (Richard 2012). Daneke et al. (1983) and Hartley
and Wood (2005) have identified several barriers in public participation such as poor
public knowledge of planning, legal as well as waste licensing issues besides mistrust of the waste disposal industry and ‘not in my back yard’ (NIMBY) syndrome
apart from poor information dissemination and failure to influence the process of
decision-making.
Public participation in EIA is usually believed to promote democratic policymaking and to provide EIA more effective (Glucker et al. 2013). But public participation is often used as a platform for protest to new projects. Residents of 56 villages
protested against proposed coal projects in Chhattisgarh as the three coal projects in
the region will impact these villages, requiring a diversion of 6802 hectares of land
(Agarwal 2019). Opponents of the Chana industrial estate project, Thailand staged
a protest in the public hearing with respect to project (Thai pbsworld 2020).
3 Environmental Impact Assessment