24
Compared to HICs, LMICs are disproportionately exposed to modern health
hazards like deforestation, waste management, pollution, land degradation and climate change (Corvalán et al. 1999).
More than 92% of all people dying due to air pollution exposure across the world
live in LMICs. The same nations also claim 90% of traffic-related deaths besides
80% deaths due to non-communicable ailments each year (WHO 2016; Alwan
2011; UNEP 2011; Landrigan et al. 2017). However, just 6% of all HIAs are conducted in LMICs (Erlanger et al. 2008).
A sudden increase in job in a region may lead to migration, thereby increasing
demands on existing health as well as sanitation infrastructure. Introduction of
slaughter houses may enhance infectious diseases. Poor solid waste management
may increase dog bites. Developments adjacent to forest may result in man–animal
conflicts. These types of indirect/direct impacts may increase legal liabilities, cause
delay in project completion, damage relationships with communities or government
besides demanding additional financial burdens.
With proper management of projects and programmes, community health
impacts may reduce financial burden besides helping to create positive attitude
(IFC 2018).
Fig. 2.3 Water flowing in
road due to damage of
drinking water supply
network
2 Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
Compared to HICs, LMICs are disproportionately exposed to modern health
hazards like deforestation, waste management, pollution, land degradation and climate change (Corvalán et al. 1999).
More than 92% of all people dying due to air pollution exposure across the world
live in LMICs. The same nations also claim 90% of traffic-related deaths besides
80% deaths due to non-communicable ailments each year (WHO 2016; Alwan
2011; UNEP 2011; Landrigan et al. 2017). However, just 6% of all HIAs are conducted in LMICs (Erlanger et al. 2008).
A sudden increase in job in a region may lead to migration, thereby increasing
demands on existing health as well as sanitation infrastructure. Introduction of
slaughter houses may enhance infectious diseases. Poor solid waste management
may increase dog bites. Developments adjacent to forest may result in man–animal
conflicts. These types of indirect/direct impacts may increase legal liabilities, cause
delay in project completion, damage relationships with communities or government
besides demanding additional financial burdens.
With proper management of projects and programmes, community health
impacts may reduce financial burden besides helping to create positive attitude
(IFC 2018).
Fig. 2.3 Water flowing in
road due to damage of
drinking water supply
network
2 Health Impact Assessment (HIA)