12
Where environmentally hazardous activities need to be carried out, taking permits allows the government to control the operation. Box 1.3 briefly explains Article
4 of the London Dumping Convention.
Public health legislations play a significant role in the suppression of any pandemic or epidemic (Sahoo et al. 2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that led to the outbreak of Coronavirus pandemic
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first recognized in Wuhan, Hubei, China,
in December 2019. A total of 4,14,179 cases and 18,440 deaths of COVID-19 were
reported as of 25 March 2020 in more than 190 countries and territories (WHO 2010).
Following are some of the laws made in response of COVID-19:
1. The UK Coronavirus Act, 2020 in United Kingdom
2. The Health Protection (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020 in United Kingdom
3. The COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act, 2020 in Singapore
4. The COVID-19 Accountability Act. 2020 in United States of America
5. COVID-19 Emergency response act 2020 in Australia
6. The Karnataka Epidemic Diseases (Covid-19) Regulations. 2020 in Karnataka
State, India
7. COVID-19 Regulations, 2020 in Nigeria
8. The COVID-19 Public Health Response Act 2020 in New Zealand
Efforts to stop the pandemic included restrictions on travel, curfews, quarantines,
facility closures and event postponements/cancellations, border closures or incoming passenger restrictions, screening at airports and train stations, beside outgoing
passenger travel bans, closure of schools and universities. The pandemic resulted in
stern global socio-economic disruption apart from the postponement or cancellation
of religious, cultural and sporting events.
1.4.1 Economic Instruments
Command-and-control approach is conventionally favoured in national and local
legislations, which may prohibit or license, directly control by bans, standards, zoning, permits, use restrictions, quotas, etc.
Box 1.3 Article 4 of the London Dumping Convention
Permits to Control Pollution:
As per the provisions of this Convention, Contracting Parties must forbid
the dumping of wastes/material, except as otherwise specified in convention
with special/general permit as specified in convention. The permit shall be
issued only after cautious consideration of all the factors specified in
convention.
1 Environmental Legislation
Where environmentally hazardous activities need to be carried out, taking permits allows the government to control the operation. Box 1.3 briefly explains Article
4 of the London Dumping Convention.
Public health legislations play a significant role in the suppression of any pandemic or epidemic (Sahoo et al. 2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that led to the outbreak of Coronavirus pandemic
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first recognized in Wuhan, Hubei, China,
in December 2019. A total of 4,14,179 cases and 18,440 deaths of COVID-19 were
reported as of 25 March 2020 in more than 190 countries and territories (WHO 2010).
Following are some of the laws made in response of COVID-19:
1. The UK Coronavirus Act, 2020 in United Kingdom
2. The Health Protection (Coronavirus) Regulations 2020 in United Kingdom
3. The COVID-19 (Temporary Measures) Act, 2020 in Singapore
4. The COVID-19 Accountability Act. 2020 in United States of America
5. COVID-19 Emergency response act 2020 in Australia
6. The Karnataka Epidemic Diseases (Covid-19) Regulations. 2020 in Karnataka
State, India
7. COVID-19 Regulations, 2020 in Nigeria
8. The COVID-19 Public Health Response Act 2020 in New Zealand
Efforts to stop the pandemic included restrictions on travel, curfews, quarantines,
facility closures and event postponements/cancellations, border closures or incoming passenger restrictions, screening at airports and train stations, beside outgoing
passenger travel bans, closure of schools and universities. The pandemic resulted in
stern global socio-economic disruption apart from the postponement or cancellation
of religious, cultural and sporting events.
1.4.1 Economic Instruments
Command-and-control approach is conventionally favoured in national and local
legislations, which may prohibit or license, directly control by bans, standards, zoning, permits, use restrictions, quotas, etc.
Box 1.3 Article 4 of the London Dumping Convention
Permits to Control Pollution:
As per the provisions of this Convention, Contracting Parties must forbid
the dumping of wastes/material, except as otherwise specified in convention
with special/general permit as specified in convention. The permit shall be
issued only after cautious consideration of all the factors specified in
convention.
1 Environmental Legislation