11
Act: An act is formed by enactment (the process of passing legislation) required
for Rules.
By laws: Regulations made by a local authority.
Notification: A legal notification is an official announcement made by a government following formal procedures.
Directive Order/Direction: Since it is not possible to bring out act, rules and notification at each circumstance, the authority empowered by act, rule and notification
is entitled to issue official or authoritative instructions on a case-to-case basis. The
example includes cutting power and water supply by a polluting industry.
Act and rules are usually published in the gazette (official publications by a government) of a country/state.
Permits, consent order, authorization, registration, certification, or licensing are
predominating tools for activity or establishment considered environmentally hazardous. The list is defined or listed and people are compelled to obey formal licensing procedures.
Numerous international texts need states to license potentially harmful activities.
Some of them are listed below:
• Whaling Convention, 1946
• Antarctic Treaties, 1959
• The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora, 1963
• African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1968
• Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and
Aircraft, 1972
• London Dumping Convention, 1972
• Paris Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based
Sources, 1974
• Bonn Convention on Protection of the Rhine against Chemical Pollution, 1963
supplemented in 1976
• Regional Seas Agreements, 1976
• The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (abbreviated as MARPOL shot form for Maritime Pollution), 1973 modified in 1978
• United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea, 1982
• ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1985
• Basel Convention on Hazardous Waste, 1989
• Bamako Convention on Hazardous Waste in Africa, 1991
The majority of licensing controls are not intended to remove all pollution or
hazard of resource reduction, but somewhat to conserve resources and control grave
pollution as far as possible.
Pollution control licenses symbolize a midway among absolute prohibition and
unregulated industrial practices. They are substituted to allow experimentation by
granting temporary licenses and zoning as a way to site installations.
1.4 National and Local Legislation
Act: An act is formed by enactment (the process of passing legislation) required
for Rules.
By laws: Regulations made by a local authority.
Notification: A legal notification is an official announcement made by a government following formal procedures.
Directive Order/Direction: Since it is not possible to bring out act, rules and notification at each circumstance, the authority empowered by act, rule and notification
is entitled to issue official or authoritative instructions on a case-to-case basis. The
example includes cutting power and water supply by a polluting industry.
Act and rules are usually published in the gazette (official publications by a government) of a country/state.
Permits, consent order, authorization, registration, certification, or licensing are
predominating tools for activity or establishment considered environmentally hazardous. The list is defined or listed and people are compelled to obey formal licensing procedures.
Numerous international texts need states to license potentially harmful activities.
Some of them are listed below:
• Whaling Convention, 1946
• Antarctic Treaties, 1959
• The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna
and Flora, 1963
• African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1968
• Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships and
Aircraft, 1972
• London Dumping Convention, 1972
• Paris Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-Based
Sources, 1974
• Bonn Convention on Protection of the Rhine against Chemical Pollution, 1963
supplemented in 1976
• Regional Seas Agreements, 1976
• The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (abbreviated as MARPOL shot form for Maritime Pollution), 1973 modified in 1978
• United Nations Convention for the Law of the Sea, 1982
• ASEAN Agreement on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, 1985
• Basel Convention on Hazardous Waste, 1989
• Bamako Convention on Hazardous Waste in Africa, 1991
The majority of licensing controls are not intended to remove all pollution or
hazard of resource reduction, but somewhat to conserve resources and control grave
pollution as far as possible.
Pollution control licenses symbolize a midway among absolute prohibition and
unregulated industrial practices. They are substituted to allow experimentation by
granting temporary licenses and zoning as a way to site installations.
1.4 National and Local Legislation