239
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
R. Chandrappa, D. B. Das, Environmental Health - Theory and Practice,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64484-0_12
Chapter 12
Restoration
Abstract Restoration of any degraded environment needs policy coordination,
infrastructure development, control of trade, financial integration into environmental policy, cultural exchanges and enhancing skill and knowledge apart from in situ
and ex situ technical interventions. For example, the approaches to restore air and
soil are not same for all regions and situations. Restoration may need policy intervention of technical intervention depending on which one is more suitable to the
situation. In addressing these points, this chapter discusses the theory and practice
of environmental restoration along with relevant case studies.
12.1 Introduction
Restoration means bringing back to a former condition. In the case of restoration of
environmental components like air, water and soil, various countries can adopt policy coordination, infrastructure development, control of trade, financial integration
into environmental policy, cultural exchanges and enhancing skill and knowledge.
But technical intervention may happen in situ (at the site) or ex situ (away from
site). Ex situ is an option to transfer smaller quantity of contaminated soil/waste and
return it after treatment wherever the practice proves economical. But, in the case of
air and water, in situ restoration is practised.
12.2 Restoring Clean Air
Restoration of clean air may need policy intervention of technical intervention
depending on which one is more suitable to the situation. Figure 12.1 shows some
of the reasons for air pollution. Sprinkling may be one of the options in places like
mines and quarries to suppress the dust at ground level. But in case of air pollution
in a city, the option could be installing air purifier or restricting polluting operation.
Trial operations in Xi’an, China, revealed 80% air filtering efficiency of the
100-metre-tall ‘anti-smog tower’ with filtration capacity of 8,000,000 m
3
/d during
the winter and 16 million m
3
/d in the summer. The device invented by Dutch startup is capable of removing up to 95% of ultrafine particles (particles with <0.1 μm
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
R. Chandrappa, D. B. Das, Environmental Health - Theory and Practice,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64484-0_12
Chapter 12
Restoration
Abstract Restoration of any degraded environment needs policy coordination,
infrastructure development, control of trade, financial integration into environmental policy, cultural exchanges and enhancing skill and knowledge apart from in situ
and ex situ technical interventions. For example, the approaches to restore air and
soil are not same for all regions and situations. Restoration may need policy intervention of technical intervention depending on which one is more suitable to the
situation. In addressing these points, this chapter discusses the theory and practice
of environmental restoration along with relevant case studies.
12.1 Introduction
Restoration means bringing back to a former condition. In the case of restoration of
environmental components like air, water and soil, various countries can adopt policy coordination, infrastructure development, control of trade, financial integration
into environmental policy, cultural exchanges and enhancing skill and knowledge.
But technical intervention may happen in situ (at the site) or ex situ (away from
site). Ex situ is an option to transfer smaller quantity of contaminated soil/waste and
return it after treatment wherever the practice proves economical. But, in the case of
air and water, in situ restoration is practised.
12.2 Restoring Clean Air
Restoration of clean air may need policy intervention of technical intervention
depending on which one is more suitable to the situation. Figure 12.1 shows some
of the reasons for air pollution. Sprinkling may be one of the options in places like
mines and quarries to suppress the dust at ground level. But in case of air pollution
in a city, the option could be installing air purifier or restricting polluting operation.
Trial operations in Xi’an, China, revealed 80% air filtering efficiency of the
100-metre-tall ‘anti-smog tower’ with filtration capacity of 8,000,000 m
3
/d during
the winter and 16 million m
3
/d in the summer. The device invented by Dutch startup is capable of removing up to 95% of ultrafine particles (particles with <0.1 μm