231
that use digital contact tracing – were encouraged by governments across the world.
Effective early warning systems take into consideration the range of factors that can
drive risk and are developed in collaboration with end users (Smith et al. 2014).
11.4 Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs)
PPEs are the last safety barriers with respect to hazard. PPEs took high importance
among people across the world to safeguard themselves from virus. The abrupt
outbreak of COVID-19 led to a shortage in PPE. The published studies concluded
that rational use and successful reuse of PPEs can help in the shortage of PPE at the
time of pandemic (Boškoski et al. 2020). But studies by revealed that frontline
healthcare workers had a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 infection, and
adequate supplies of PPE did not totally mitigate high- risk exposures.
Failure to curb ambient noise compels people to use hearing protectors to live
with the noise. The choice of hearing protectors depends on a number of factors that
include the level of noise, comfort, as well as the suitability of the PPEs for the
worker/environment. The temporary threshold shifts observed in experiments with
perforated earplugs for exposures to the high-level impulses indicated no significant
hazard for hearing (Dancer et al. 1992). Studies by Ramakers et al. (2016) reveal
that earplug use is effective in preventing temporary hearing loss following loud
music exposure. Hence, the PPEs for noise, such as ear plugs and war muffs, are
used at workplace by few individuals who are expected to work in noisy places
where insulators/barriers and suppression at source are not feasible.
Air pollutants can come in contact with any body part that is exposed to air apart
from the internal epithelial tissue that comes in contact with air when inhaled. The
air pollutants include acid mist and radioactive substances. PPEs to cope with air
pollution include goggles, protective cloths, respirator, shoes and gloves depending
on the severity of air pollutant the person is likely to be exposed.
Wastewater workers are exposed to various occupational hazards such as gases,
viruses, chemicals and bacteria. Personal protective equipment (PPE) can reduce
the probability of an accident from exposure to hazardous chemicals and microbial
contaminants (Wright et al. 2019; Malakahmad et al. 2012).
Personnel at water and wastewater treatment plants are subjected to various
occupation all health hazards during operation, monitoring, material handling etc.
Using the following personal protective equipment (PPE) prevents needless injuries
when manually moving materials:
• Gloves for hand protection
• Goggles for eye protection
• Steel-toed safety shoes or boots for foot protection
• Protective clothing like flame-resistant suits, aprons, leggings, leather sleeves/
shoulder capes, and caps for exposure to chemicals, heat, sparks etc.
• Helmet for head protection
11.4 Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs)
that use digital contact tracing – were encouraged by governments across the world.
Effective early warning systems take into consideration the range of factors that can
drive risk and are developed in collaboration with end users (Smith et al. 2014).
11.4 Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs)
PPEs are the last safety barriers with respect to hazard. PPEs took high importance
among people across the world to safeguard themselves from virus. The abrupt
outbreak of COVID-19 led to a shortage in PPE. The published studies concluded
that rational use and successful reuse of PPEs can help in the shortage of PPE at the
time of pandemic (Boškoski et al. 2020). But studies by revealed that frontline
healthcare workers had a significantly increased risk of COVID-19 infection, and
adequate supplies of PPE did not totally mitigate high- risk exposures.
Failure to curb ambient noise compels people to use hearing protectors to live
with the noise. The choice of hearing protectors depends on a number of factors that
include the level of noise, comfort, as well as the suitability of the PPEs for the
worker/environment. The temporary threshold shifts observed in experiments with
perforated earplugs for exposures to the high-level impulses indicated no significant
hazard for hearing (Dancer et al. 1992). Studies by Ramakers et al. (2016) reveal
that earplug use is effective in preventing temporary hearing loss following loud
music exposure. Hence, the PPEs for noise, such as ear plugs and war muffs, are
used at workplace by few individuals who are expected to work in noisy places
where insulators/barriers and suppression at source are not feasible.
Air pollutants can come in contact with any body part that is exposed to air apart
from the internal epithelial tissue that comes in contact with air when inhaled. The
air pollutants include acid mist and radioactive substances. PPEs to cope with air
pollution include goggles, protective cloths, respirator, shoes and gloves depending
on the severity of air pollutant the person is likely to be exposed.
Wastewater workers are exposed to various occupational hazards such as gases,
viruses, chemicals and bacteria. Personal protective equipment (PPE) can reduce
the probability of an accident from exposure to hazardous chemicals and microbial
contaminants (Wright et al. 2019; Malakahmad et al. 2012).
Personnel at water and wastewater treatment plants are subjected to various
occupation all health hazards during operation, monitoring, material handling etc.
Using the following personal protective equipment (PPE) prevents needless injuries
when manually moving materials:
• Gloves for hand protection
• Goggles for eye protection
• Steel-toed safety shoes or boots for foot protection
• Protective clothing like flame-resistant suits, aprons, leggings, leather sleeves/
shoulder capes, and caps for exposure to chemicals, heat, sparks etc.
• Helmet for head protection
11.4 Personal Protective Equipments (PPEs)