211
human and monitory resources apart from natural resources. Disaster happens at
unexpected time and at unexpected magnitude. A small investment towards preparedness will save human/monitory/natural resources of the community.
The involvement of the community is necessary for reducing vulnerability to
disasters, which result in outbreak of communicable diseases and injury. The country with poor international cooperation often suffers during disasters. The limited
resource, knowledge, experience will always be disadvantageous to any community.
A 7.8 magnitude earthquake that occurred on 25 April 2015 in Nepal resulted in
about 7400 deaths and more than 14,000 injuries in eight million persons in 39 districts. Nearly 1.4 million people in the affected districts required immediate assistance for food. In most of the affected villages, more than 90% of homes were
collapsed. The villages did not have young people to volunteer as many of them had
migrated for work. More than 80 overseas medical teams had arrived in Nepal by
2nd May (Sharma 2015).
Emergency could be intentional or accidental. Ahead of the Indian Supreme
Court verdict on the Ayodhya dispute case, political leaders appealed for maintaining harmony in India (India Today 2019), besides deploying more than 5000 paramilitary force members and police in the town of Ayodhya, India, where an ancient
mosque was demolished in 1992 and which was believed to be the birthplace of
Lord Ram (Jain 2019). Apart from preparing for emergency in Ayodhya, precautionary measures were taken all over India. All educational remained institutes
closed in many states of India on the day of the verdict (Times Now News 2019).
Apart from declaring holiday on the day of verdict, sale of liquor and processions
were banned in Bengaluru, India, which is far away from Ayodhya (the Times of
India 2019).
Before removing the provisions of Article 370 of constitution of India that provides special status to Jammu and Kashmir, many political leaders were kept in
house arrest apart from restrictions under the Section 144 of code of criminal procedure. The emergency preparedness included distribution of satellite phones and
closed-group mobile phone sets to central, north and south Kashmir among the
security officials, and travel advisory was given to pilgrims, tourists and students to
leave the place. Mobile internet services were snapped in entire Jammu and Kashmir.
Several thousands of security personnel were deployed as precautionary measure
(The Hindu 2019).
After a natural disaster, survivors tend to recover speedily from their initial
shock. However, the disaster may raise the potential for transmission of disease due
to faecal contamination of food and water. The risk of communicable diseases epidemic outbreaks is proportional to the population displacement and density. An
increase in vector-borne ailments occurs in the longer term, in some areas due to
disturbance of vector control efforts. Displacement of domestic or wild animals
brings risk of zoonotic infections. Other challenges due to disaster include population displacement, climatic exposure, loss of food and nutrition, damage to water
supply and sanitation, impact on meta health and damage to health infrastructure
(Pan American Health Organization 2000).
10.1 Introduction
human and monitory resources apart from natural resources. Disaster happens at
unexpected time and at unexpected magnitude. A small investment towards preparedness will save human/monitory/natural resources of the community.
The involvement of the community is necessary for reducing vulnerability to
disasters, which result in outbreak of communicable diseases and injury. The country with poor international cooperation often suffers during disasters. The limited
resource, knowledge, experience will always be disadvantageous to any community.
A 7.8 magnitude earthquake that occurred on 25 April 2015 in Nepal resulted in
about 7400 deaths and more than 14,000 injuries in eight million persons in 39 districts. Nearly 1.4 million people in the affected districts required immediate assistance for food. In most of the affected villages, more than 90% of homes were
collapsed. The villages did not have young people to volunteer as many of them had
migrated for work. More than 80 overseas medical teams had arrived in Nepal by
2nd May (Sharma 2015).
Emergency could be intentional or accidental. Ahead of the Indian Supreme
Court verdict on the Ayodhya dispute case, political leaders appealed for maintaining harmony in India (India Today 2019), besides deploying more than 5000 paramilitary force members and police in the town of Ayodhya, India, where an ancient
mosque was demolished in 1992 and which was believed to be the birthplace of
Lord Ram (Jain 2019). Apart from preparing for emergency in Ayodhya, precautionary measures were taken all over India. All educational remained institutes
closed in many states of India on the day of the verdict (Times Now News 2019).
Apart from declaring holiday on the day of verdict, sale of liquor and processions
were banned in Bengaluru, India, which is far away from Ayodhya (the Times of
India 2019).
Before removing the provisions of Article 370 of constitution of India that provides special status to Jammu and Kashmir, many political leaders were kept in
house arrest apart from restrictions under the Section 144 of code of criminal procedure. The emergency preparedness included distribution of satellite phones and
closed-group mobile phone sets to central, north and south Kashmir among the
security officials, and travel advisory was given to pilgrims, tourists and students to
leave the place. Mobile internet services were snapped in entire Jammu and Kashmir.
Several thousands of security personnel were deployed as precautionary measure
(The Hindu 2019).
After a natural disaster, survivors tend to recover speedily from their initial
shock. However, the disaster may raise the potential for transmission of disease due
to faecal contamination of food and water. The risk of communicable diseases epidemic outbreaks is proportional to the population displacement and density. An
increase in vector-borne ailments occurs in the longer term, in some areas due to
disturbance of vector control efforts. Displacement of domestic or wild animals
brings risk of zoonotic infections. Other challenges due to disaster include population displacement, climatic exposure, loss of food and nutrition, damage to water
supply and sanitation, impact on meta health and damage to health infrastructure
(Pan American Health Organization 2000).
10.1 Introduction