149
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
R. Chandrappa, D. B. Das, Environmental Health - Theory and Practice,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64484-0_8
Chapter 8
Solid and Semi-Solid Waste Management
Abstract Generation of solid and semi-solid waste is part of any civilization. The
positive or negative impacts of solid waste management on health, as well as the
resultant disposal activities, are only partly understood at the moment. Apart from
diseases, a poor solid waste management can result in other issues, for example
dogbites and snakebites in developing countries. Solid waste management can be
integrated with other services or can be tackled discretely. This chapter discusses
common engineering technologies along with administrative interventions for solid
and semi-solid waste management.
8.1 Introduction
Solid and semi-solid waste is part of any civilization. Mismanagement would lead
to multiple problems already discussed in Vol. 1. The impact of solid waste management on human health and disposal activities is partly understood.
Living near landfill and incinerator can affect the health of people through inhalation, contact with polluted water/soil, and consumption of contaminated food.
Contamination of food traded in unsanitary conditions near waste in developing
countries causes major health hazards since food is piled and handled on the ground.
Several papers mainly concern birth outcomes, cancer, respiratory diseases, as
well as annoyance (Vrijheid 2000; Hu and Shy 2001; Jarup et al. 2002; Rushton
2003; DEFRA 2004; Dolk et al. 1998; Franchini et al. 2004; WHO Regional Office
for Europe 2007; Russi et al. 2008; Giusti 2009; Porta et al. 2009;Mattiello et al.
2013; Ashworth et al. 2014; WHO 2015).
Apart from diseases, poor solid waste management practices can result in dogbites and snakebites in developing countries (Chandrappa and Das 2012; EMPRI
2018a, 2018b). Solid waste management can be integrated with other services or
can be tackled discretely. The hierarchy of environmental policy and economic
burden is shown in Fig. 8.1. Environment is spoiled due to actions and products
which are not compatible with environment. But due to the profitability and convenience of few people, the world is flooded with products which are both toxic
and detrimental to living beings. Humans have invented many chemicals such as
agrochemicals, which intend to kill living organisms. The process of manufacturing,
© Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
R. Chandrappa, D. B. Das, Environmental Health - Theory and Practice,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64484-0_8
Chapter 8
Solid and Semi-Solid Waste Management
Abstract Generation of solid and semi-solid waste is part of any civilization. The
positive or negative impacts of solid waste management on health, as well as the
resultant disposal activities, are only partly understood at the moment. Apart from
diseases, a poor solid waste management can result in other issues, for example
dogbites and snakebites in developing countries. Solid waste management can be
integrated with other services or can be tackled discretely. This chapter discusses
common engineering technologies along with administrative interventions for solid
and semi-solid waste management.
8.1 Introduction
Solid and semi-solid waste is part of any civilization. Mismanagement would lead
to multiple problems already discussed in Vol. 1. The impact of solid waste management on human health and disposal activities is partly understood.
Living near landfill and incinerator can affect the health of people through inhalation, contact with polluted water/soil, and consumption of contaminated food.
Contamination of food traded in unsanitary conditions near waste in developing
countries causes major health hazards since food is piled and handled on the ground.
Several papers mainly concern birth outcomes, cancer, respiratory diseases, as
well as annoyance (Vrijheid 2000; Hu and Shy 2001; Jarup et al. 2002; Rushton
2003; DEFRA 2004; Dolk et al. 1998; Franchini et al. 2004; WHO Regional Office
for Europe 2007; Russi et al. 2008; Giusti 2009; Porta et al. 2009;Mattiello et al.
2013; Ashworth et al. 2014; WHO 2015).
Apart from diseases, poor solid waste management practices can result in dogbites and snakebites in developing countries (Chandrappa and Das 2012; EMPRI
2018a, 2018b). Solid waste management can be integrated with other services or
can be tackled discretely. The hierarchy of environmental policy and economic
burden is shown in Fig. 8.1. Environment is spoiled due to actions and products
which are not compatible with environment. But due to the profitability and convenience of few people, the world is flooded with products which are both toxic
and detrimental to living beings. Humans have invented many chemicals such as
agrochemicals, which intend to kill living organisms. The process of manufacturing,