125
This goal is a huge challenge for all countries, not only for low- and middleincome ones (Omarova et al. 2018). The commitment to “leave no one behind”
requires a focus on rural areas, which is typically neglected (Kabeer 2016;
Satterthwaite 2016).
Wastewater treatment is essentially controlled by laws by introducing
discharge/reuse standards and verifying the same for adherence by enforcing
authority.
References
Aghalari Z, Dahms HU, Sillanpää M, Sosa-Hernandez JE, Parra-Saldívar R (2020) Effectiveness
of wastewater treatment systems in removing microbial agents: a systematic review. Glob
Health 16(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992- 020- 0546- y
Balke KD, Zhu Y (2008) Natural water purification and water management by artificial groundwater recharge. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 9(3):221–226. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0710635
Chandrappa R, Das DB (2014) Sustainable water engineering theory and practice. Wiley, West
Sussex
Drury B, Rosi-Marshall E, Kelly JJ (2013) Wastewater treatment effluent reduces the abundance
and diversity of benthic bacterial communities in urban and suburban rivers. Appl Environ
Microbiol 79(6):1897–1905. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03527- 12
Frigon D, Biswal BK, Mazza A, Masson L, Gehr R (2013) Biological and physicochemical wastewater treatment processes reduce the prevalence of virulent Escherichia coli. Appl Environ
Microbiol 79(3):835–844. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02789- 12
Ghazani MT, Taghdisian A (2019) Performance evaluation of a hybrid sequencing batch reactor under saline and hyper saline conditions. J Biol Eng 13:64. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s13036- 019- 0192- 1
Kabeer N (2016) World social science report: challenging inequalities, pathways to a just world.
In: “Leaving no one behind”: the challenge of intersecting inequalities, vol 1. UNESCO and
The ISSC, Paris, France, pp 55–58
Lu Z, Sun W, Li C, Cao W, Jing Z, Li S, Ao X, Chen C, Liu S (2020) Effect of granular activated
carbon pore-size distribution on biological activated carbon filter performance. Water Res
177:115768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115768
Omarova A, Tussupova K, Berndtsson R, Kalishev M, Sharapatova K (2018) Protozoan parasites
in drinking water: a system approach for improved water, sanitation and hygiene in developing countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030495.
Omarova A, Tussupova K, Hjorth P, Kalishev M, Dosmagambetova R (2019) Water supply challenges in rural areas: a case study from Central Kazakhstan. Int J Environ Res Public Health
16(5):688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050688
Saito M, Magara Y, Wisjnuprapto (2002) Study on self-purification capacity for organic pollutants
in stagnant water. Water Sci Technol 46(9):137–145
Satterthwaite D (2016) Missing the Millennium Development Goal targets for water and sanitation
in urban areas. Environ Urban 28:99–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247816628435
VanDerslice J (2011) Am J Public Health 101(Suppl 1):S109–S114. https://doi.org/10.2105/
AJPH.2011.300189
Wang J, Shen J, Ye D, Yan X, Zhang Y, Yang W, Li X, Wang J, Zhang L, Pan L (2020) Disinfection
technology of hospital wastes and wastewater: suggestions for disinfection strategy during
coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China. Environ Pollut (Barking, Essex:
1987) 262:114665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114665
WWF (2016) Living Planet Report 2016. Risk and resilience in a new era. WWF International,
Gland
References
This goal is a huge challenge for all countries, not only for low- and middleincome ones (Omarova et al. 2018). The commitment to “leave no one behind”
requires a focus on rural areas, which is typically neglected (Kabeer 2016;
Satterthwaite 2016).
Wastewater treatment is essentially controlled by laws by introducing
discharge/reuse standards and verifying the same for adherence by enforcing
authority.
References
Aghalari Z, Dahms HU, Sillanpää M, Sosa-Hernandez JE, Parra-Saldívar R (2020) Effectiveness
of wastewater treatment systems in removing microbial agents: a systematic review. Glob
Health 16(1):13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12992- 020- 0546- y
Balke KD, Zhu Y (2008) Natural water purification and water management by artificial groundwater recharge. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 9(3):221–226. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.B0710635
Chandrappa R, Das DB (2014) Sustainable water engineering theory and practice. Wiley, West
Sussex
Drury B, Rosi-Marshall E, Kelly JJ (2013) Wastewater treatment effluent reduces the abundance
and diversity of benthic bacterial communities in urban and suburban rivers. Appl Environ
Microbiol 79(6):1897–1905. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03527- 12
Frigon D, Biswal BK, Mazza A, Masson L, Gehr R (2013) Biological and physicochemical wastewater treatment processes reduce the prevalence of virulent Escherichia coli. Appl Environ
Microbiol 79(3):835–844. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02789- 12
Ghazani MT, Taghdisian A (2019) Performance evaluation of a hybrid sequencing batch reactor under saline and hyper saline conditions. J Biol Eng 13:64. https://doi.org/10.1186/
s13036- 019- 0192- 1
Kabeer N (2016) World social science report: challenging inequalities, pathways to a just world.
In: “Leaving no one behind”: the challenge of intersecting inequalities, vol 1. UNESCO and
The ISSC, Paris, France, pp 55–58
Lu Z, Sun W, Li C, Cao W, Jing Z, Li S, Ao X, Chen C, Liu S (2020) Effect of granular activated
carbon pore-size distribution on biological activated carbon filter performance. Water Res
177:115768. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115768
Omarova A, Tussupova K, Berndtsson R, Kalishev M, Sharapatova K (2018) Protozoan parasites
in drinking water: a system approach for improved water, sanitation and hygiene in developing countries. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15:495. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15030495.
Omarova A, Tussupova K, Hjorth P, Kalishev M, Dosmagambetova R (2019) Water supply challenges in rural areas: a case study from Central Kazakhstan. Int J Environ Res Public Health
16(5):688. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050688
Saito M, Magara Y, Wisjnuprapto (2002) Study on self-purification capacity for organic pollutants
in stagnant water. Water Sci Technol 46(9):137–145
Satterthwaite D (2016) Missing the Millennium Development Goal targets for water and sanitation
in urban areas. Environ Urban 28:99–118. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956247816628435
VanDerslice J (2011) Am J Public Health 101(Suppl 1):S109–S114. https://doi.org/10.2105/
AJPH.2011.300189
Wang J, Shen J, Ye D, Yan X, Zhang Y, Yang W, Li X, Wang J, Zhang L, Pan L (2020) Disinfection
technology of hospital wastes and wastewater: suggestions for disinfection strategy during
coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in China. Environ Pollut (Barking, Essex:
1987) 262:114665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114665
WWF (2016) Living Planet Report 2016. Risk and resilience in a new era. WWF International,
Gland
References