95
Citizens who lack proper sanitation and access to safe drinking water and subject
to overcrowding can be more vulnerable to soil-transmitted helminths (de Silva
et al. 2003).
The other key players upon whom health of people depends on are: (1) people’s
representatives, (2) urban planners, (3) garbage collector, (4) water treatment plant
operators, (5) wastewater treatment plant operators, (6) safety officers, (8) police,
(9) fire brigade and (7) enforcing officers. Underperformance of these would result
in health burden on the state and not welcome by citizens even though expenditure
towards curing diseases increase gross domestic product.
The planning should be steered by eliminating unhealthy chemicals by banning
eco-unfriendly products for which substitutes are available or without which people
can survive. Some of such products are:
1. Non-biodegradable detergent
2. Lead-based paint
3. Cadmium pigments
4. Disposable plastic carry bag
5. Disposable plastic spoons, cutleries, plates and cups
6. Flex
7. Cling films
8. Crackers
COVID-19, first identified in December 2019 in China, resulted in travel restrictions and quarantines in over 90 countries at the time of writing. Similarly, 1918
“Spanish flu,” had affected 27% of the world’s population. COVID-19 has changed
the face of cities in many countries world over. By 2050 it is projected that world will
have 43 megacities, with more than two-thirds of the world population living in urban
areas. Hence managing epidemics in an urbanizing world is important (Acuto 2020).
After lockdown was implemented in India on March 25, 2020, more than 4 crore
(40 million) migrant labourers headed back home resulting in temporary deurbanization. While it is imperative that urbanization has been one of the causes of speedy
spreading of infectious diseases including COVID-19, it may be too early to forecast whether governments promote de-urbanization as one of the solutions to curb
spreading of infectious diseases.
4.7 Planning Rural Health Governance
In spite of the huge differences among developing and developed nations, access is
the key issue in rural health across the world due to concentration of resources in the
cities, difficulties with transport and communication, in rural and remote areas
(Strasser 2003).
Rural populations will have poorer levels of health status compared to their urban
counterparts in Canada (Fertman et al. 2005; Romanow 2002). Compared to urban
areas, rural areas are likely to have shorter life expectancy, higher infant mortality
4.7 Planning Rural Health Governance
Citizens who lack proper sanitation and access to safe drinking water and subject
to overcrowding can be more vulnerable to soil-transmitted helminths (de Silva
et al. 2003).
The other key players upon whom health of people depends on are: (1) people’s
representatives, (2) urban planners, (3) garbage collector, (4) water treatment plant
operators, (5) wastewater treatment plant operators, (6) safety officers, (8) police,
(9) fire brigade and (7) enforcing officers. Underperformance of these would result
in health burden on the state and not welcome by citizens even though expenditure
towards curing diseases increase gross domestic product.
The planning should be steered by eliminating unhealthy chemicals by banning
eco-unfriendly products for which substitutes are available or without which people
can survive. Some of such products are:
1. Non-biodegradable detergent
2. Lead-based paint
3. Cadmium pigments
4. Disposable plastic carry bag
5. Disposable plastic spoons, cutleries, plates and cups
6. Flex
7. Cling films
8. Crackers
COVID-19, first identified in December 2019 in China, resulted in travel restrictions and quarantines in over 90 countries at the time of writing. Similarly, 1918
“Spanish flu,” had affected 27% of the world’s population. COVID-19 has changed
the face of cities in many countries world over. By 2050 it is projected that world will
have 43 megacities, with more than two-thirds of the world population living in urban
areas. Hence managing epidemics in an urbanizing world is important (Acuto 2020).
After lockdown was implemented in India on March 25, 2020, more than 4 crore
(40 million) migrant labourers headed back home resulting in temporary deurbanization. While it is imperative that urbanization has been one of the causes of speedy
spreading of infectious diseases including COVID-19, it may be too early to forecast whether governments promote de-urbanization as one of the solutions to curb
spreading of infectious diseases.
4.7 Planning Rural Health Governance
In spite of the huge differences among developing and developed nations, access is
the key issue in rural health across the world due to concentration of resources in the
cities, difficulties with transport and communication, in rural and remote areas
(Strasser 2003).
Rural populations will have poorer levels of health status compared to their urban
counterparts in Canada (Fertman et al. 2005; Romanow 2002). Compared to urban
areas, rural areas are likely to have shorter life expectancy, higher infant mortality
4.7 Planning Rural Health Governance