3 Sea-Level Rise (SLR) and Its Implication on Human Security …
51
evaluation, and economic diversification. Improvements to the sectoral laws are also
needed to incorporate adaptation laws. Given the uncertainty of climate change risk,
the law should be prepared to cater for worst-case scenarios which may eventuate
in the future. For example, there should be special laws to address the necessitated
environmental migration. Currently, there is uncertainty as to how to address the
issue from a local government perspective. The legislation may also need to include
a funding mechanism for climate change adaptation. Such a funding mechanism
is required for some public and private adaptation initiatives to offset the disproportionate economic burden of disadvantage on individuals or groups (McDonald
2010).
Human security and human rights emphasize on individuals. People are the center
of approach in adaptation. The adaptation measures in developing countries such as
Indonesia are not only hindered by sectoral and overlapping legislation but also
financial resources for large-scale infrastructure, technology, knowledge mismatch,
and human resources. The challenges of adaptation measures by the government
have been shown in the implementation at the local level. Based on a case study in
Bedono and Sri Wulan Villages, most adaptations are conducted by farmers, fishers,
coastal dwellers; and residents of large cities will be autonomous and facilitated by
their own social capital and resources. The adaptation measures by the government
sometimes are taking a long time to be implemented.
Appropriate measures to improve the involvement of local people in climate
change adaptation decision-making are needed. Policy options for adaptation are
always consulted with the people affected by the decisions. This involvement will
give a legitimate adaptation policy that has been accepted by local communities and
improved social justice. For example, in the case of forced migration, the response
should be informed and accepted by the whole community affected by this migration option. There should be an improvement in other existing laws to include and
explicitly address the social justice implications of climate change impacts, through
either better public consultation, or new forms of adaptation assessment process.
References
Barnett J (2001) Security and climate change. Tyndall Center for Climate Research
Cassotta S, Hossain K, Ren J, Goodsite ME (2016) Climate change and human securityin a regulatory
multileve land multidisciplinary dimension: the caseof the arctic environmental ocean. In: Climate
change adaptation, resilience and hazards climate change management, Springer International
Publishing Switzerland
Chen CC, McCarl B, Chang CC (2012) Climate change, sea level rise and rice: global. Climate
Change
Dedring J (2004) Human security and the UN Security Council. In: Shinoda H & Jeon H-W (eds)
Conflict and human security: A search for new approaches of peace-building, Hiroshima: Institute
for Peace Science, 45
Grunau (2003) The limits of human security: Canada in east timor 1:1 The Dispatch: Quarterly
Review of the Canadian Defence & Foreign Affairs Institute https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudf
51
evaluation, and economic diversification. Improvements to the sectoral laws are also
needed to incorporate adaptation laws. Given the uncertainty of climate change risk,
the law should be prepared to cater for worst-case scenarios which may eventuate
in the future. For example, there should be special laws to address the necessitated
environmental migration. Currently, there is uncertainty as to how to address the
issue from a local government perspective. The legislation may also need to include
a funding mechanism for climate change adaptation. Such a funding mechanism
is required for some public and private adaptation initiatives to offset the disproportionate economic burden of disadvantage on individuals or groups (McDonald
2010).
Human security and human rights emphasize on individuals. People are the center
of approach in adaptation. The adaptation measures in developing countries such as
Indonesia are not only hindered by sectoral and overlapping legislation but also
financial resources for large-scale infrastructure, technology, knowledge mismatch,
and human resources. The challenges of adaptation measures by the government
have been shown in the implementation at the local level. Based on a case study in
Bedono and Sri Wulan Villages, most adaptations are conducted by farmers, fishers,
coastal dwellers; and residents of large cities will be autonomous and facilitated by
their own social capital and resources. The adaptation measures by the government
sometimes are taking a long time to be implemented.
Appropriate measures to improve the involvement of local people in climate
change adaptation decision-making are needed. Policy options for adaptation are
always consulted with the people affected by the decisions. This involvement will
give a legitimate adaptation policy that has been accepted by local communities and
improved social justice. For example, in the case of forced migration, the response
should be informed and accepted by the whole community affected by this migration option. There should be an improvement in other existing laws to include and
explicitly address the social justice implications of climate change impacts, through
either better public consultation, or new forms of adaptation assessment process.
References
Barnett J (2001) Security and climate change. Tyndall Center for Climate Research
Cassotta S, Hossain K, Ren J, Goodsite ME (2016) Climate change and human securityin a regulatory
multileve land multidisciplinary dimension: the caseof the arctic environmental ocean. In: Climate
change adaptation, resilience and hazards climate change management, Springer International
Publishing Switzerland
Chen CC, McCarl B, Chang CC (2012) Climate change, sea level rise and rice: global. Climate
Change
Dedring J (2004) Human security and the UN Security Council. In: Shinoda H & Jeon H-W (eds)
Conflict and human security: A search for new approaches of peace-building, Hiroshima: Institute
for Peace Science, 45
Grunau (2003) The limits of human security: Canada in east timor 1:1 The Dispatch: Quarterly
Review of the Canadian Defence & Foreign Affairs Institute https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudf