44
L. Nurhidayah
migrated due to this condition. In Tambak Sari, around 77 households and 200 households in Rejosari were migrated to the nearest areas. While some of the people from
Rejosari were migrated to Purwosari and people from Rejosari were migrated to near
villages in Gemulak and Sido Gemah (Nurochman 2018). They have occupied the
irrigation land near the bank of the river managed by public work agency. Previously, all 2 sub-districts people who have been affected by SLR will be migrated by
the government to outside, Java-like transmigration. However, before Day 1 of the
transmigration program, people were rejected to be moved to Sumatra (Nurochman
2018). They preferred to move in near their village. However, the problems with
new settlements in the bank of the river is that people are moved temporarily as it
is government land for irrigation (Nurochman 2018). It should not be occupied as it
serves as flood plain area. However, because there are no other options people live
there without permanent housing and no electricity. It took long for the government to
assist and respond to people’s demonstrations to address the issue of environmental
migration (Nurochman 2018). This is due to the current legislation where there is
no procedure on how to address those issues. Therefore, there is uncertainty from
the government to respond promptly to this problem. Appropriate legal and policy
framework and operational measures are needed to help people move elsewhere in
anticipation of harm, and to be protected and assisted if they are displaced. Below is
the map of Bedono village. It can be seen that some of the areas have been inundated
(Fig. 3.2).
The current adaptation options are conducted by NGOs such as Wetland International which assists the community to manage mangrove and make this mangrove
as one of the tourist destination and source of community livelihood (Nurochman
2018). Other NGOs such as OISCA also help and assist the community to plant
mangroves in the sub-districts that have been permanently inundated (Nurochman
2018). Currently, these mangroves are used as tourism areas. Local people who do
not own boat will hire the boat to see the whole areas of mangroves that have already
grown and see the previous sub-districts that have been permanently inundated and
have become sea. The biodiversity of the areas now is back with the mangrove
plantation such as birds and other local animals (Nurochman 2018).
Sri Wulan
Similar to Bedono, Sri Wulan village has also suffered from permanent coastal inundation due to sea-level rise. Four-hundred hectares of village areas have been permanently inundated, and most of the permanent inundated land is their farming land
for agriculture (Hasan 2018). Therefore, most of the people now are working as
laborers in industries in Semarang rather than farming or aquaculture (Hasan 2018).
The livelihood has been shifted. According to the interview, the increase of SLR in
Sri Wulan was as a result of reclamation that has been conducted by the government
in Terboyo (Hasan 2018), Tanjung Mas Port and Airport in Semarang. Compared
to other villages only in Sri Wulan there has not been many efforts that has been
L. Nurhidayah
migrated due to this condition. In Tambak Sari, around 77 households and 200 households in Rejosari were migrated to the nearest areas. While some of the people from
Rejosari were migrated to Purwosari and people from Rejosari were migrated to near
villages in Gemulak and Sido Gemah (Nurochman 2018). They have occupied the
irrigation land near the bank of the river managed by public work agency. Previously, all 2 sub-districts people who have been affected by SLR will be migrated by
the government to outside, Java-like transmigration. However, before Day 1 of the
transmigration program, people were rejected to be moved to Sumatra (Nurochman
2018). They preferred to move in near their village. However, the problems with
new settlements in the bank of the river is that people are moved temporarily as it
is government land for irrigation (Nurochman 2018). It should not be occupied as it
serves as flood plain area. However, because there are no other options people live
there without permanent housing and no electricity. It took long for the government to
assist and respond to people’s demonstrations to address the issue of environmental
migration (Nurochman 2018). This is due to the current legislation where there is
no procedure on how to address those issues. Therefore, there is uncertainty from
the government to respond promptly to this problem. Appropriate legal and policy
framework and operational measures are needed to help people move elsewhere in
anticipation of harm, and to be protected and assisted if they are displaced. Below is
the map of Bedono village. It can be seen that some of the areas have been inundated
(Fig. 3.2).
The current adaptation options are conducted by NGOs such as Wetland International which assists the community to manage mangrove and make this mangrove
as one of the tourist destination and source of community livelihood (Nurochman
2018). Other NGOs such as OISCA also help and assist the community to plant
mangroves in the sub-districts that have been permanently inundated (Nurochman
2018). Currently, these mangroves are used as tourism areas. Local people who do
not own boat will hire the boat to see the whole areas of mangroves that have already
grown and see the previous sub-districts that have been permanently inundated and
have become sea. The biodiversity of the areas now is back with the mangrove
plantation such as birds and other local animals (Nurochman 2018).
Sri Wulan
Similar to Bedono, Sri Wulan village has also suffered from permanent coastal inundation due to sea-level rise. Four-hundred hectares of village areas have been permanently inundated, and most of the permanent inundated land is their farming land
for agriculture (Hasan 2018). Therefore, most of the people now are working as
laborers in industries in Semarang rather than farming or aquaculture (Hasan 2018).
The livelihood has been shifted. According to the interview, the increase of SLR in
Sri Wulan was as a result of reclamation that has been conducted by the government
in Terboyo (Hasan 2018), Tanjung Mas Port and Airport in Semarang. Compared
to other villages only in Sri Wulan there has not been many efforts that has been