3 Sea-Level Rise (SLR) and Its Implication on Human Security …
41
established Indonesia’s national action plan on climate change adaptation (RANMAPI) with the strategy for improving national security on food security, energy,
health, shelter, infrastructure, ecosystem services, urban, and small islands. Several
legislations which are related to coastal adaptation from human security and human
rights perspective include.
Law no 39/1999 on Human Rights
Climate change impact affects and sets to undermine many basic human rights undercutting the rights to health, food, shelter, culture, develop, security, safety, and dignity
for freedom to pursue their development. This adverse effect of climate change is
most acutely felt by those segments of population that are already in vulnerable
situation owing to factors such as geography, poverty, gender, age, and disability
(McAdam et al. 2016). The basic recognition of human rights has been recognized
in Law No 39/1999. Under this legislation several basic human rights are recognized
such as article 9 Law No 39/1999 stated that everyone has the right to life, well-being,
and adequate and healthy environment. The right to life according to International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is described as a supreme right
which cannot be derogated from, even in time of public emergency. Protection of
the right to life is closely linked to other rights such as the right to adequate food,
adequate health, adequate water, and adequate housing. Article 28–35 stated on the
right to security. Article 30 stated everyone has the right to security and protection
against the threat of fear from any act or omission.
Despite this recognition, little has been linked between human rights and climate
change impact in Indonesia’s legislation particularly the impact of SLR on human
rights in Indonesia. Human rights issue in Indonesia is currently most associated
with the case of human rights against violence.
Law on 24/2007 Disaster Management
To respond to the disaster, Indonesia has enacted disaster management law. Law No
24/2007 is the forefront of the legal basis for disaster management in Indonesia. It
covers all disasters including tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding,
drought, storms, landslides, and other natural and man-made disasters. The legislation uses a proactive approach to disaster risk reduction (DRR) and recognizes
that people have a basic right to protection from disaster, particularly groups who
are vulnerable to disaster (Djalante 2012). Even though the legislation does not
explicitly make any reference to climate change impacts and adaptation measures,
It is an important legislation which deals with disaster risk reduction in Indonesia
and covers the full disaster cycle of mitigation, emergency response, compensation,
and rebuilding. Likewise, in terms of disaster risk reduction, other legislation only
41
established Indonesia’s national action plan on climate change adaptation (RANMAPI) with the strategy for improving national security on food security, energy,
health, shelter, infrastructure, ecosystem services, urban, and small islands. Several
legislations which are related to coastal adaptation from human security and human
rights perspective include.
Law no 39/1999 on Human Rights
Climate change impact affects and sets to undermine many basic human rights undercutting the rights to health, food, shelter, culture, develop, security, safety, and dignity
for freedom to pursue their development. This adverse effect of climate change is
most acutely felt by those segments of population that are already in vulnerable
situation owing to factors such as geography, poverty, gender, age, and disability
(McAdam et al. 2016). The basic recognition of human rights has been recognized
in Law No 39/1999. Under this legislation several basic human rights are recognized
such as article 9 Law No 39/1999 stated that everyone has the right to life, well-being,
and adequate and healthy environment. The right to life according to International
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) is described as a supreme right
which cannot be derogated from, even in time of public emergency. Protection of
the right to life is closely linked to other rights such as the right to adequate food,
adequate health, adequate water, and adequate housing. Article 28–35 stated on the
right to security. Article 30 stated everyone has the right to security and protection
against the threat of fear from any act or omission.
Despite this recognition, little has been linked between human rights and climate
change impact in Indonesia’s legislation particularly the impact of SLR on human
rights in Indonesia. Human rights issue in Indonesia is currently most associated
with the case of human rights against violence.
Law on 24/2007 Disaster Management
To respond to the disaster, Indonesia has enacted disaster management law. Law No
24/2007 is the forefront of the legal basis for disaster management in Indonesia. It
covers all disasters including tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, flooding,
drought, storms, landslides, and other natural and man-made disasters. The legislation uses a proactive approach to disaster risk reduction (DRR) and recognizes
that people have a basic right to protection from disaster, particularly groups who
are vulnerable to disaster (Djalante 2012). Even though the legislation does not
explicitly make any reference to climate change impacts and adaptation measures,
It is an important legislation which deals with disaster risk reduction in Indonesia
and covers the full disaster cycle of mitigation, emergency response, compensation,
and rebuilding. Likewise, in terms of disaster risk reduction, other legislation only