140
H. Warsilah
Fig. 7.5 Social Movement
rejection on Beno Bay
Reclamation (Source NGOs
ForBali 2019)
A constant struggle of communities to fight against Benoa bay reclamation initiate
NGO’s ForBali and Walhi Bali for five years is finally fruitful. This is a victory for
Balinese along with the faulty reports of environmental impact analysis (Amdal)
by National Commission of Human Rights (KOMNAS HAM) and KONTRAS. In
Jakarta, the movement against Jakarta bay reclamation by various NGOs, scholars,
and many elements of community leads to a complete stop of reclamation activities,
and four islands built on reclamation area will be used for conservation and public
use.
Principles on Inclusivity Model on Sea and Coastal
Development (ICM)
Since 1990s, coastal development in Bali and Jakarta had been conducted exclusively. The findings of the research show that coastal areas in Benoa Bay, Bali, and
North Jakarta are managed with an exclusive approach, for the sake of economic
interests, not to develop areas inclusively. An exclusive approach with the only aim
of economic interests has led to social exclusion which resulted in the marginalization of coastal communities and fishermen from the coastal environment. They no
longer have access to marine and coastal resources Using social exclusion approach,
it nurtures social conflicts related to domination of marine and coastal resources by
capital investors. From the fisherman’s perspective, this exclusion model has triggered coastal and ocean grabbing, and it leads further to marginalization process of
coastal and fishermen communities. Managing and decision process of marine and
coastal resources should be conducted inclusively, that is, transparent, accessible,
participative and supported by social, cultural backgrounds, and scientific knowledge. A further development of marine and coastal areas in Indonesia should implement inclusive sustainable development and referring to local wisdom, rights of
ownership, customary communal land rights, rights of acquisition, and establishing
local institutions.
H. Warsilah
Fig. 7.5 Social Movement
rejection on Beno Bay
Reclamation (Source NGOs
ForBali 2019)
A constant struggle of communities to fight against Benoa bay reclamation initiate
NGO’s ForBali and Walhi Bali for five years is finally fruitful. This is a victory for
Balinese along with the faulty reports of environmental impact analysis (Amdal)
by National Commission of Human Rights (KOMNAS HAM) and KONTRAS. In
Jakarta, the movement against Jakarta bay reclamation by various NGOs, scholars,
and many elements of community leads to a complete stop of reclamation activities,
and four islands built on reclamation area will be used for conservation and public
use.
Principles on Inclusivity Model on Sea and Coastal
Development (ICM)
Since 1990s, coastal development in Bali and Jakarta had been conducted exclusively. The findings of the research show that coastal areas in Benoa Bay, Bali, and
North Jakarta are managed with an exclusive approach, for the sake of economic
interests, not to develop areas inclusively. An exclusive approach with the only aim
of economic interests has led to social exclusion which resulted in the marginalization of coastal communities and fishermen from the coastal environment. They no
longer have access to marine and coastal resources Using social exclusion approach,
it nurtures social conflicts related to domination of marine and coastal resources by
capital investors. From the fisherman’s perspective, this exclusion model has triggered coastal and ocean grabbing, and it leads further to marginalization process of
coastal and fishermen communities. Managing and decision process of marine and
coastal resources should be conducted inclusively, that is, transparent, accessible,
participative and supported by social, cultural backgrounds, and scientific knowledge. A further development of marine and coastal areas in Indonesia should implement inclusive sustainable development and referring to local wisdom, rights of
ownership, customary communal land rights, rights of acquisition, and establishing
local institutions.