138
H. Warsilah
of marine biodiversity; (n) to minimize devastating impacts on human activities to
marine ecosystem and biodiversity, especially rare and fragile marine ecosystem
(Maes 2008).
Furthermore, United Nation Assembly in 2006 also addresses that (1) environmental degradation happened in many parts of the world and the demand of competitiveness needs an urgent response to manage main priorities and to intervene conservation of integrated ecosystem; (2) ecosystem approaches in marine management
should be focalized to human activities in order to protect and if possible to revitalize ecosystem health prior to maintain environmental goods and services; to give
social and economic benefit for enhancing food resilience; to defend livelihood of
community to support international development objectives. Another point written in
United Nations of Millennium Declaration is to conserve marine biodiversity (Look
Resolution UNGA 61/222, paragraph 119).
United Nations General Assembly proposed that the implementation of ecosystem
approaches would be succeed if: (a) embedded in policy and national plan; (b) to
support marine scientific research, through intensive research, the impacts of climate
change to marine ecosystem health, the impacts of sea noise in marine ecosystem and
to consider the impacts to the ecosystem inward and outward area of national jurisdiction, according to international law; (c) if needed, enhancing regional fisheries
management organization, adapting their mandates and modernize their operations
according to international law; (d) strengthening and optimizing coordination and
internal collaboration based on international law between nations, intergovernmental
organizations, regional scientific research, advisory organization, and management
bodies; (e) implementing a full and effective mandate from existing multilateral organization, including one organization established under UNCLOS; (f) implementing
Rio Principles and utilization of management tools in regards to conservation and
sustainable utilization of marine biodiversity, including management tools based on
integrated and specific region case per case, based on available scientific research
suggestion and implementing prudent approaches and make it consistent with international law; (g) to identify and to involve stakeholders in advanced collaboration;
(h) sectorial approaches, integrated management and planning on various levels,
based on international law; (i) effective and integrated management inter-sector;
(j) the progress Plan Implementation in the World Summit on sustainable development, including harvesting and farming fish stocks in a sustainable way without
destructing ecosystem, and to set marine conservation based on international law and
scientific data and; (k) to evaluate, according to national legislation and international
law, related to marine activities, the possibility or significant impacts on environment.
8 Hence, article 123 based on United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea (UNCLOS) can be implemented as legal foundation to bring MSP’s initiatives
together with nations of sea borders enclosed and semi-enclosed sea. These nations
should cooperate and coordinate to (a) management, conservation, exploration, and
exploitation of marine resources; (b) implementing rights and their obligations related
8 Report on the work of the United Nations Open Informal Consultation Process on the Ocean and
the Law of the Sea at the seventh meeting: UNGA, A/61/56 dated July 17, 2006.
H. Warsilah
of marine biodiversity; (n) to minimize devastating impacts on human activities to
marine ecosystem and biodiversity, especially rare and fragile marine ecosystem
(Maes 2008).
Furthermore, United Nation Assembly in 2006 also addresses that (1) environmental degradation happened in many parts of the world and the demand of competitiveness needs an urgent response to manage main priorities and to intervene conservation of integrated ecosystem; (2) ecosystem approaches in marine management
should be focalized to human activities in order to protect and if possible to revitalize ecosystem health prior to maintain environmental goods and services; to give
social and economic benefit for enhancing food resilience; to defend livelihood of
community to support international development objectives. Another point written in
United Nations of Millennium Declaration is to conserve marine biodiversity (Look
Resolution UNGA 61/222, paragraph 119).
United Nations General Assembly proposed that the implementation of ecosystem
approaches would be succeed if: (a) embedded in policy and national plan; (b) to
support marine scientific research, through intensive research, the impacts of climate
change to marine ecosystem health, the impacts of sea noise in marine ecosystem and
to consider the impacts to the ecosystem inward and outward area of national jurisdiction, according to international law; (c) if needed, enhancing regional fisheries
management organization, adapting their mandates and modernize their operations
according to international law; (d) strengthening and optimizing coordination and
internal collaboration based on international law between nations, intergovernmental
organizations, regional scientific research, advisory organization, and management
bodies; (e) implementing a full and effective mandate from existing multilateral organization, including one organization established under UNCLOS; (f) implementing
Rio Principles and utilization of management tools in regards to conservation and
sustainable utilization of marine biodiversity, including management tools based on
integrated and specific region case per case, based on available scientific research
suggestion and implementing prudent approaches and make it consistent with international law; (g) to identify and to involve stakeholders in advanced collaboration;
(h) sectorial approaches, integrated management and planning on various levels,
based on international law; (i) effective and integrated management inter-sector;
(j) the progress Plan Implementation in the World Summit on sustainable development, including harvesting and farming fish stocks in a sustainable way without
destructing ecosystem, and to set marine conservation based on international law and
scientific data and; (k) to evaluate, according to national legislation and international
law, related to marine activities, the possibility or significant impacts on environment.
8 Hence, article 123 based on United Nations Convention on the Law of the
Sea (UNCLOS) can be implemented as legal foundation to bring MSP’s initiatives
together with nations of sea borders enclosed and semi-enclosed sea. These nations
should cooperate and coordinate to (a) management, conservation, exploration, and
exploitation of marine resources; (b) implementing rights and their obligations related
8 Report on the work of the United Nations Open Informal Consultation Process on the Ocean and
the Law of the Sea at the seventh meeting: UNGA, A/61/56 dated July 17, 2006.