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T. Neise et al.
adaptation initiatives and the respective regulations that facilitate or hamper publicprivate partnerships. In a third step, a survey with 120 SMEs collected quantitative
data of which adaptation forms the firms are using.
The gathered information will be presented in a triangulated form to provide a
comprehensive insight on SMEs’ engagement on individual adaptation and to identify
potential deficiencies. The empirical research was conducted between August 2015
and April 2017 in Indonesia. All interviews were conducted together with researchers
from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).
The in-depth firms’ interviews were analyzed following the principles of the
structured qualitative content analysis (e.g., Mayring 2015). The content analysis
aimed to identify the similarities and dissimilarities of firms’ individual adaptation
strategies regarding their location, business size, resources, and flood experience.
Also, both case study regions allowed to examine the influence of different regional
governance systems.
In order to preserve the anonymity of the enterprises, the interviews quotes are
coded with a two-digit code. The first letter refers to the case study area (J = Jakarta;
S = Semarang). The second letter indicates the business size of the interviewed
enterprise (M = medium-sized; S = small).
Flood Risk and SMEs’ Individual Adaptation
Flood Risk of SMEs in Coastal Cities
A large amount of Indonesia’s population and of its economic activities collocate
in low-elevation coastal zones (LECZ) with high exposure to floods (McGranahan
et al. 2007; Neumann et al. 2015). In these flood risk areas also a high density of
small- and medium-sized manufacturing firms can be found (cf. Fig. 6.1).
Figure 6.1 displays the number of SMEs located in flood-prone districts in Jakarta
and Semarang. The number of small enterprises with no more than 20 employees
was extracted from the Village Potential Statistics (PODES) 2014 (BPS Indonesia
2015b). Firms with a number of employees between 20 and 249 were collected from
the directory of medium-sized and large manufacturing firms 2015 (BPS Indonesia
2015a). This information was joined with data from InaRisk (2018) that assessed the
flood risk for entire Indonesia.
The analysis demonstrates that in both cities the highest risk of floods exists at the
LECZ and along rivers (e.g., the Ciliwung river in Jakarta). So, 58.6% (6667 units)
of all enterprises is located in high flood risk districts in Jakarta (e.g., Kali Deres,
Cakung, Penjaringan). In Semarang, the share of SMEs located in flood risk areas,
such as Genuk, Pedurungan, or Semarang Utara, comprise 54.4% (1814 units).
The SMEs face different characteristics of flood hazards in both cities. The respondents in Jakarta explained during the in-depth interviews that their businesses have
been affected particularly by extreme flood events, which occurs when high rainfall
T. Neise et al.
adaptation initiatives and the respective regulations that facilitate or hamper publicprivate partnerships. In a third step, a survey with 120 SMEs collected quantitative
data of which adaptation forms the firms are using.
The gathered information will be presented in a triangulated form to provide a
comprehensive insight on SMEs’ engagement on individual adaptation and to identify
potential deficiencies. The empirical research was conducted between August 2015
and April 2017 in Indonesia. All interviews were conducted together with researchers
from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI).
The in-depth firms’ interviews were analyzed following the principles of the
structured qualitative content analysis (e.g., Mayring 2015). The content analysis
aimed to identify the similarities and dissimilarities of firms’ individual adaptation
strategies regarding their location, business size, resources, and flood experience.
Also, both case study regions allowed to examine the influence of different regional
governance systems.
In order to preserve the anonymity of the enterprises, the interviews quotes are
coded with a two-digit code. The first letter refers to the case study area (J = Jakarta;
S = Semarang). The second letter indicates the business size of the interviewed
enterprise (M = medium-sized; S = small).
Flood Risk and SMEs’ Individual Adaptation
Flood Risk of SMEs in Coastal Cities
A large amount of Indonesia’s population and of its economic activities collocate
in low-elevation coastal zones (LECZ) with high exposure to floods (McGranahan
et al. 2007; Neumann et al. 2015). In these flood risk areas also a high density of
small- and medium-sized manufacturing firms can be found (cf. Fig. 6.1).
Figure 6.1 displays the number of SMEs located in flood-prone districts in Jakarta
and Semarang. The number of small enterprises with no more than 20 employees
was extracted from the Village Potential Statistics (PODES) 2014 (BPS Indonesia
2015b). Firms with a number of employees between 20 and 249 were collected from
the directory of medium-sized and large manufacturing firms 2015 (BPS Indonesia
2015a). This information was joined with data from InaRisk (2018) that assessed the
flood risk for entire Indonesia.
The analysis demonstrates that in both cities the highest risk of floods exists at the
LECZ and along rivers (e.g., the Ciliwung river in Jakarta). So, 58.6% (6667 units)
of all enterprises is located in high flood risk districts in Jakarta (e.g., Kali Deres,
Cakung, Penjaringan). In Semarang, the share of SMEs located in flood risk areas,
such as Genuk, Pedurungan, or Semarang Utara, comprise 54.4% (1814 units).
The SMEs face different characteristics of flood hazards in both cities. The respondents in Jakarta explained during the in-depth interviews that their businesses have
been affected particularly by extreme flood events, which occurs when high rainfall