country’s environmental protection standards with the rest of the EU. The management of solid waste continues to be a major structural challenge, with Greece still
relying heavily on landfilling and mechanical-biological treatment instead of more
Table 12.2 Circular economy indicators
Indicator
Value
EU
Greece
Production and consumption
1. EU self-sufficiency for raw materials (percentage)
36.4
N/A
2. Green public procurement
N/A
N/A
3. Waste generation
Generation of municipal waste per capita (kg per capita)
486
504
Generation of waste excluding major mineral wastes per GDP unit
(kg per thousand-euro, chain linked volumes (2010))
65
78
Generation of waste excluding major mineral wastes per domestic
material consumption (percentage)
13.5
11.5
4. Food waste (million tonnes)
80
N/A
Waste management
5. Recycling rates
Recycling rate of municipal waste (percentage)
46.4
18.9
Recycling rate of all waste excluding major mineral waste (percentage) 57
N/A
6. Recycling/recovery for specific waste streams
Recycling rate of overall packaging (percentage)
67.2
66.1
Recycling rate of plastic packaging (percentage)
42.4
38.2
Recycling rate of wooden packaging (percentage)
39.8
21.9
Recycling rate of e-waste (percentage)
41.2
34.2
Recycling of biowaste (kg per capita)
81
21
Recovery rate of construction and demolition waste (percentage)
89
88
Secondary raw materials
7. Contribution of recycled materials to raw materials demand
End-of-life recycling input rates (EOL-RIR) (percentage)
12.4
N/A
Circular material use rate (percentage)
11.7
1.3
8. Trade in recyclable raw materials (tonne)
Imports from non-EU countries
5,905,135
536,071
Exports to non-EU countries
36,934,824 419,422
Intra EU trade
53,035,741 525,195
Competitiveness and innovation
9. Private investment, jobs and gross value added related to circular economy sectors
Gross investment in tangible goods (percentage of gross domestic
product (GDP) at current prices)
0.12
0.04
Persons employed (percentage of total employment)
1.73
1.65
Value added at factor cost (percentage of gross domestic product (GDP)
at current prices)
0.98
0.35
10. Number of patents related to recycling and secondary raw materials 338.17
0.5
Source: Eurostat (2019)
204
L. Tsipouri et al.
relying heavily on landfilling and mechanical-biological treatment instead of more
Table 12.2 Circular economy indicators
Indicator
Value
EU
Greece
Production and consumption
1. EU self-sufficiency for raw materials (percentage)
36.4
N/A
2. Green public procurement
N/A
N/A
3. Waste generation
Generation of municipal waste per capita (kg per capita)
486
504
Generation of waste excluding major mineral wastes per GDP unit
(kg per thousand-euro, chain linked volumes (2010))
65
78
Generation of waste excluding major mineral wastes per domestic
material consumption (percentage)
13.5
11.5
4. Food waste (million tonnes)
80
N/A
Waste management
5. Recycling rates
Recycling rate of municipal waste (percentage)
46.4
18.9
Recycling rate of all waste excluding major mineral waste (percentage) 57
N/A
6. Recycling/recovery for specific waste streams
Recycling rate of overall packaging (percentage)
67.2
66.1
Recycling rate of plastic packaging (percentage)
42.4
38.2
Recycling rate of wooden packaging (percentage)
39.8
21.9
Recycling rate of e-waste (percentage)
41.2
34.2
Recycling of biowaste (kg per capita)
81
21
Recovery rate of construction and demolition waste (percentage)
89
88
Secondary raw materials
7. Contribution of recycled materials to raw materials demand
End-of-life recycling input rates (EOL-RIR) (percentage)
12.4
N/A
Circular material use rate (percentage)
11.7
1.3
8. Trade in recyclable raw materials (tonne)
Imports from non-EU countries
5,905,135
536,071
Exports to non-EU countries
36,934,824 419,422
Intra EU trade
53,035,741 525,195
Competitiveness and innovation
9. Private investment, jobs and gross value added related to circular economy sectors
Gross investment in tangible goods (percentage of gross domestic
product (GDP) at current prices)
0.12
0.04
Persons employed (percentage of total employment)
1.73
1.65
Value added at factor cost (percentage of gross domestic product (GDP)
at current prices)
0.98
0.35
10. Number of patents related to recycling and secondary raw materials 338.17
0.5
Source: Eurostat (2019)
204
L. Tsipouri et al.