increased by around 10% since 2013. However, comparing the results with those of
2018, a reduction trend can be observed. Monitoring of soil quality has relatively
decreased since 2017, though such monitoring is often associated with specific port
development projects, carbon footprint monitoring has slightly increased since 2018.
Three new indicators related to climate change have been recently included in the
report. The results are shown in Table 11.4. From 2018 to 2019 there has been an
increase in the number of ports reporting operational challenges due to climate
Table 11.4 Percentage of positive responses to indicators related to climate change. (Source:
ESPO (2019))
11 New Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Ports: The Deep Demonstration. . . 189
2018, a reduction trend can be observed. Monitoring of soil quality has relatively
decreased since 2017, though such monitoring is often associated with specific port
development projects, carbon footprint monitoring has slightly increased since 2018.
Three new indicators related to climate change have been recently included in the
report. The results are shown in Table 11.4. From 2018 to 2019 there has been an
increase in the number of ports reporting operational challenges due to climate
Table 11.4 Percentage of positive responses to indicators related to climate change. (Source:
ESPO (2019))
11 New Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Ports: The Deep Demonstration. . . 189