We have focused here primarily on some of the environmental dimensions of
sustainable shipping, partly because of the particular historic junction we are at, but
there are many other aspects of sustainable shipping that need to be part of our
overall effort to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. For instance, while
more women have been entering the shipping industry in all roles, and efforts to
advance their role have been made, the level of women’s participation in the
maritime industry remains low at an estimated 2%, and patterns of job segregation
persist (UNCTAD 2018). Sustainability is a very broad and sometimes ambiguous
concept, but it captures societal values and shapes our vision with a persistence
similar to that of those other familiar concepts like democracy, justice, and liberty
that have driven change throughout human history.
References
Alvik, S., Eide, M. S., Endresen, Ø., Hoffmann, P., & Longva, T. (2010). Pathways to low carbon
shipping. Abatement potential towards 2030. DNV.
Asariotis, R., Benamara, H., & Mohos-Naray, V. (2017). Port industry survey on climate change
impacts and adaptation. UNCTAD/SER.RP/2017/18.
Balcombe, P., Brierley, J., Lewis, C., Skatvedt, L., Speirs, J., Hawkes, A., et al. (2019). How to
decarbonise international shipping: Options for fuels, technologies and policies. Energy Conversion and Management, 182, 72–88.
Benamara, H., Hoffmann, J., & Youssef, F. (2019). Maritime transport: The sustainability imperative. In H. Psaraftis (Ed.), Sustainable shipping: A cross-disciplinary view. Denmark: Springer.
Bouman, E. A., Lindstad, E., Rialland, A. I., & Strømman, A. H. (2017). State-of-the-art technologies, measures, and potential for reducing GHG emissions from shipping – A review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, 408–421.
Brockett, A., & Rezaee, Z. (2012). Corporate sustainability. Wiley.
Chrun, E., Dolšak, N., & Prakash, A. (2016). Corporate environmentalism: Motivations and
mechanisms. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41(1), 341–362.
Directive (EU) 2018/410 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2018
amending Directive 2003/87/EC to enhance cost-effective emission reductions and
low-carbon investments, and Decision (EU) 2015/1814. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-con
tent/EN/TXT/?uri¼CELEX:32018L0410
DVN GL. (2017). Low carbon shipping towards 2050. Norway. https://www.dnvgl.com/publica
tions/low-carbon-shipping-towards-2050-93579
ECSA. (2020). POSITION PAPER. A green deal for the European shipping industry. https://www.
ecsa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2020%20ECSA%20Position%20Paper%20-%20A%
20Green%20Deal%20for%20the%20European%20shipping%20industry.pdf
EIA. (2016). International energy outlook 2016. Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information
Administration.
EIA. (2017). International energy outlook 2017. Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information
Administration.
Eide, M. S., Longva, T., Hoffmann, P., Endresen, Ø., & Dalsøren, S. B. (2011). Future cost
scenarios for reduction of ship CO 2 emissions. Maritime Policy & Management, 38(1), 11–37.
Endres, S., Maes, F., Hopkins, F., Houghton, K., Mårtensson, E. M., Oeffner, J., et al. (2018). A
new perspective at the ship-air-sea-interface: The environmental impacts of exhaust gas scrubber discharge. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5.
10 Sustainable Shipping: Levers of Change
169
sustainable shipping, partly because of the particular historic junction we are at, but
there are many other aspects of sustainable shipping that need to be part of our
overall effort to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. For instance, while
more women have been entering the shipping industry in all roles, and efforts to
advance their role have been made, the level of women’s participation in the
maritime industry remains low at an estimated 2%, and patterns of job segregation
persist (UNCTAD 2018). Sustainability is a very broad and sometimes ambiguous
concept, but it captures societal values and shapes our vision with a persistence
similar to that of those other familiar concepts like democracy, justice, and liberty
that have driven change throughout human history.
References
Alvik, S., Eide, M. S., Endresen, Ø., Hoffmann, P., & Longva, T. (2010). Pathways to low carbon
shipping. Abatement potential towards 2030. DNV.
Asariotis, R., Benamara, H., & Mohos-Naray, V. (2017). Port industry survey on climate change
impacts and adaptation. UNCTAD/SER.RP/2017/18.
Balcombe, P., Brierley, J., Lewis, C., Skatvedt, L., Speirs, J., Hawkes, A., et al. (2019). How to
decarbonise international shipping: Options for fuels, technologies and policies. Energy Conversion and Management, 182, 72–88.
Benamara, H., Hoffmann, J., & Youssef, F. (2019). Maritime transport: The sustainability imperative. In H. Psaraftis (Ed.), Sustainable shipping: A cross-disciplinary view. Denmark: Springer.
Bouman, E. A., Lindstad, E., Rialland, A. I., & Strømman, A. H. (2017). State-of-the-art technologies, measures, and potential for reducing GHG emissions from shipping – A review. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 52, 408–421.
Brockett, A., & Rezaee, Z. (2012). Corporate sustainability. Wiley.
Chrun, E., Dolšak, N., & Prakash, A. (2016). Corporate environmentalism: Motivations and
mechanisms. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41(1), 341–362.
Directive (EU) 2018/410 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2018
amending Directive 2003/87/EC to enhance cost-effective emission reductions and
low-carbon investments, and Decision (EU) 2015/1814. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-con
tent/EN/TXT/?uri¼CELEX:32018L0410
DVN GL. (2017). Low carbon shipping towards 2050. Norway. https://www.dnvgl.com/publica
tions/low-carbon-shipping-towards-2050-93579
ECSA. (2020). POSITION PAPER. A green deal for the European shipping industry. https://www.
ecsa.eu/sites/default/files/publications/2020%20ECSA%20Position%20Paper%20-%20A%
20Green%20Deal%20for%20the%20European%20shipping%20industry.pdf
EIA. (2016). International energy outlook 2016. Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information
Administration.
EIA. (2017). International energy outlook 2017. Washington, DC: U.S. Energy Information
Administration.
Eide, M. S., Longva, T., Hoffmann, P., Endresen, Ø., & Dalsøren, S. B. (2011). Future cost
scenarios for reduction of ship CO 2 emissions. Maritime Policy & Management, 38(1), 11–37.
Endres, S., Maes, F., Hopkins, F., Houghton, K., Mårtensson, E. M., Oeffner, J., et al. (2018). A
new perspective at the ship-air-sea-interface: The environmental impacts of exhaust gas scrubber discharge. Frontiers in Marine Science, 5.
10 Sustainable Shipping: Levers of Change
169