77
Iceland
Sweden
Denmark
Finland
Norway
% Renewable
Energy Supply
(RES) of primary
energy supply
88.5%
45.9%
28.4%
32.3%
44.6%
Relation to EU
European
Economic Area
(EEA)
EU
EU
EU (EURO)
EEA
Climate targets (in
relation to
Transport)
• 2020: 10%
RES share in
transport.
• 2050: 50–70%
reduction in
greenhouse gas
(GHG) (comp.
to 1990 levels)
• 2030: 63%
reduction (to
1990 levels).
• 2040: 75%
reduction.
• 2045:
complete carbon
neutrality (=
85% reduction
to 1990 levels).
• Transport:
70% reduction
by 2030
compared to
2010.
• 2020: 20% (comp.
to 1990 levels) in
non-Emissions
Trading Scheme
(ETS) sector (incl.
transport), 40% ETS
sector.
• 2030: 50%
renewable energy
• 2050: complete
carbon neutrality.
Copenhagen’s
target = 2025.
• 2030: Reduce
transport GHG
emissions by ±50%
(compared to 2005).
First replacing
current fuels (with
biofuels), then
alternative
technologies and
services, targeting
250.000 plug-in
electric vehicle
(PEVs)/50.000
gas-fueled vehicles.
• 2050: 80–95%
reduction in GHG
(compared to 1990).
• 2025: No new traffic
growth in cities and all
new passenger vehicles
Zero-Emission
• 2030: over 50% of
heavy/commercial
transport zero-emission
and 50% reduction of
GHG emissions
(Oslo = 95%)
• 2050: 100%
reduction
(continued)
Table 7.1 (continued)
7 GOVERNANCE AND LEGITIMATION IN THE TRANSITION TO NORDIC…