12 FINNISH ENERGY PoLICY IN TRANSITIoN
131
time. There are also several developments ongoing in developing smart
district heating systems. Demand response (flexible use of heat and
power depending on supply and demand) has become a hot topic in
quite recent years, since it is considered necessary to prepare for a large
increase in intermittent power production (Annala et al. 2018).
Citizens are highlighted in policy rhetoric (e.g. NEEAP 2017), but
citizen movements focusing explicitly on energy efficiency have only
recently emerged, since energy has been seen more as an expert domain.
Residents’ associations have shown some activism around particular solutions and technologies (Heiskanen et al. 2011), often gaining
momentum from municipal-level climate action (Heiskanen et al. 2015).
Another example of recent citizen activism are online discussion forums,
for example a vibrant and popular discussion forum on heat pumps
(Hyysalo et al. 2013).
trenDs in nationaL househoLD energy Campaigns
in finLanD
Energy saving was heavily emphasized during the oil crises, with forceful advice campaigns and restrictions on e.g. indoor temperatures. As oil
prices and overall oil dependency declined, the tone of national energy
campaigns shifted to technological innovation and energy efficiency,
emphasizing that energy can be saved without loss of comfort.
Finnish national energy campaigns are mainly organized by Motiva, a
state-owned company promoting energy efficiency, renewables and materials efficiency. Campaigns have not been a strong focus in recent years,
but rather the provision of local targeted practical advice and engagement.
This advice focuses on sensible use of energy, i.e. auditing, metering,
training, automation, adjusting controls, refurbishment and renewable
energy—and, most recently, demand response. Energy Saving Week is one
of the nationwide campaigns for homes and workplaces. In addition to
Motiva, energy companies also organize campaigns, such as the Energy
Family competition by Vattenfall. The Finnish Environment Institute,
coordinator of a large carbon neutral municipalities programme, has also
organized various campaigns such as joint purchasing of solar panels.
older SECIs are more focused on technology or individual behaviour change, whereas newer ones focus more on everyday practices and complex interactions between households and systems of
provision (Table 12.1). There is a development towards living lab types of
131
time. There are also several developments ongoing in developing smart
district heating systems. Demand response (flexible use of heat and
power depending on supply and demand) has become a hot topic in
quite recent years, since it is considered necessary to prepare for a large
increase in intermittent power production (Annala et al. 2018).
Citizens are highlighted in policy rhetoric (e.g. NEEAP 2017), but
citizen movements focusing explicitly on energy efficiency have only
recently emerged, since energy has been seen more as an expert domain.
Residents’ associations have shown some activism around particular solutions and technologies (Heiskanen et al. 2011), often gaining
momentum from municipal-level climate action (Heiskanen et al. 2015).
Another example of recent citizen activism are online discussion forums,
for example a vibrant and popular discussion forum on heat pumps
(Hyysalo et al. 2013).
trenDs in nationaL househoLD energy Campaigns
in finLanD
Energy saving was heavily emphasized during the oil crises, with forceful advice campaigns and restrictions on e.g. indoor temperatures. As oil
prices and overall oil dependency declined, the tone of national energy
campaigns shifted to technological innovation and energy efficiency,
emphasizing that energy can be saved without loss of comfort.
Finnish national energy campaigns are mainly organized by Motiva, a
state-owned company promoting energy efficiency, renewables and materials efficiency. Campaigns have not been a strong focus in recent years,
but rather the provision of local targeted practical advice and engagement.
This advice focuses on sensible use of energy, i.e. auditing, metering,
training, automation, adjusting controls, refurbishment and renewable
energy—and, most recently, demand response. Energy Saving Week is one
of the nationwide campaigns for homes and workplaces. In addition to
Motiva, energy companies also organize campaigns, such as the Energy
Family competition by Vattenfall. The Finnish Environment Institute,
coordinator of a large carbon neutral municipalities programme, has also
organized various campaigns such as joint purchasing of solar panels.
older SECIs are more focused on technology or individual behaviour change, whereas newer ones focus more on everyday practices and complex interactions between households and systems of
provision (Table 12.1). There is a development towards living lab types of