Fig. 34
Demand response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Fig. 35
Vehicle-to-grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Fig. 36
CO 2 reduction after deployment of AMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Fig. 37
Reduction of air pollutants after deployment of AMI. . . . . . 333
Fig. 38
Monthly increase/reduction of CO 2 emissions
with SMART Shift, SMART Shift Plus and
SMART Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Fig. 39
Monthly increase/reduction of SO x , NO x and PM2.5
with SMART Shift, SMART Shift Plus and SMART
Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Fig. 40
Architecture of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Smart
Grid demonstration project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Fig. 41
Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Smart Grid
demonstration project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Fig. 42
Belo Monte UHV DC project, Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Fig. 43
Annual installed capacity and output of nuclear power . . . . 367
Fig. 44
Gas output in the USA by product, 2007–15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Fig. 45
Comparison of prediction data of China’s recoverable
shale gas reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Special Report 4: China’s Energy System Revolution
Fig. 1
Share of oil, natural gas and coal in global
energy production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Fig. 2
Global primary energy production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Fig. 3
Share of global primary energy demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Fig. 4
Global primary energy demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Fig. 5
Global oil demand and supply in 2035 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Fig. 6
Energy consumption in OECD and
non-OECD countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Fig. 7
Natural gas production in the USA (trillion cubic feet) . . . . 398
Fig. 8
Distribution of basins with shale oil and gas resources
across the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Fig. 9
Price of imported natural gas ($/MMBtu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Fig. 10
Global monthly mean CO 2 concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Fig. 11
Global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Fig. 12
GDP, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions . . . . . . . . . . 404
Fig. 13
Change in global average temperature, sea level
and snow-cover in the northern hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Fig. 14
Total energy consumption and share of various energy
sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Fig. 15
China’s primary energy production and share
of various energy sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
List of Figures
xxix xxix
Demand response . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331
Fig. 35
Vehicle-to-grid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332
Fig. 36
CO 2 reduction after deployment of AMI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
Fig. 37
Reduction of air pollutants after deployment of AMI. . . . . . 333
Fig. 38
Monthly increase/reduction of CO 2 emissions
with SMART Shift, SMART Shift Plus and
SMART Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Fig. 39
Monthly increase/reduction of SO x , NO x and PM2.5
with SMART Shift, SMART Shift Plus and SMART
Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Fig. 40
Architecture of Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Smart
Grid demonstration project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336
Fig. 41
Sino-Singapore Tianjin Eco-City Smart Grid
demonstration project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
Fig. 42
Belo Monte UHV DC project, Brazil. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Fig. 43
Annual installed capacity and output of nuclear power . . . . 367
Fig. 44
Gas output in the USA by product, 2007–15 . . . . . . . . . . . . 378
Fig. 45
Comparison of prediction data of China’s recoverable
shale gas reserves. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381
Special Report 4: China’s Energy System Revolution
Fig. 1
Share of oil, natural gas and coal in global
energy production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Fig. 2
Global primary energy production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Fig. 3
Share of global primary energy demand. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Fig. 4
Global primary energy demand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Fig. 5
Global oil demand and supply in 2035 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396
Fig. 6
Energy consumption in OECD and
non-OECD countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397
Fig. 7
Natural gas production in the USA (trillion cubic feet) . . . . 398
Fig. 8
Distribution of basins with shale oil and gas resources
across the world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 399
Fig. 9
Price of imported natural gas ($/MMBtu) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 401
Fig. 10
Global monthly mean CO 2 concentration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Fig. 11
Global CO 2 emissions from fossil fuels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403
Fig. 12
GDP, energy consumption and CO 2 emissions . . . . . . . . . . 404
Fig. 13
Change in global average temperature, sea level
and snow-cover in the northern hemisphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Fig. 14
Total energy consumption and share of various energy
sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413
Fig. 15
China’s primary energy production and share
of various energy sources. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415
List of Figures
xxix xxix