gradually deployed at scale, accelerating the
development of centralised renewable energy,
distributed power generation and microgrids.
Provides grid support and makes large-scale
centralised renewable energy more efficient.
Energy storage allows renewable energy to have
the same attributes as conventional energy,
making it schedulable, predictable and controllable. Large-scale centralised renewable energy
storage shows two key trends: the first is to
enable local renewable energy to be used as a
reliable source of power in a national or regional
grid. Energy storage can offset the effects of
intermittency by releasing energy when needed,
increasing the acceptability of renewables as an
important contributor to grid operations. The
second is a shift from single-point and
single-type energy storage to multi-point and
multi-type storage. As energy storage evolves
into a system, it can control, schedule and optimise multiple types of energy storage from different grid connection points in a holistic
manner.
Energy storage drives the development of
distributed renewable energy. Energy storage is a
critical support technology for distributed generation and smart microgrids. It plays an
increasingly important role in integrating, coordinating and managing multiple energy sources.
Energy storage units are becoming more compact, modular and fast responding. As energy
demand diversifies, and users of AC and DC
power at different voltages coexist, energy storage will be the mainstream technology to enable
end users to switch roles from power consumer
to producer. Energy storage will be a buffer and
an enabler of flexible and smart interactions.
Coordinated development of energy storage
and electric vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) will
be part of the future grid as an important means
of energy storage. EVs have two main energy
storage applications—they can transfer power
from a secondary battery located outside of the
vehicle, or the vehicle can act as an energy
storage unit itself. As sales of EVs increase, the
energy storage potential of a secondary battery
will remain at around 15% of the capacity of the
on-board battery. By 2020, the total energy
storage capacity of EVs in China is expected to
reach 3.766 GW/13.749 GWh, with 2.1 GW/10.4
GWh from secondary batteries.
19 In the future,
the interaction between EVs and the grid will be
two-way instead of one-way. EVs will feed
energy into the grid and also function as a distributed energy storage source. In addition, they
will provide many ancillary grid services, help
consume distributed new energy and improve the
cost effectiveness and security of grid operations.
The cloud will become a new type of energy
storage in the future. According to research by
scientists such as Kang Chongqing, cloud energy
storage will be a grid-based service that allows
consumers to use a shared energy storage pool at
anytime and anywhere. It would lower the cost of
providing energy storage services sharply. Cloud
energy storage is part of the sharing economy in
which assets, resources and services are shared
by a group of individuals or companies. Cloud
energy storage can be either a grid-scale centralised facility or a fleet of smaller distributed
units, operated and managed by cloud energy
storage providers.
6 The Implications of China’s
Energy Revolution
Vigorous development of clean energy and
building a diversified supply system are the
foundations and goals of the energy revolution.
International experience shows that changes in
energy supply require policy support, innovation
in production and supply technologies, the
transformation of industry, and optimised allocation of investment and employment resources.
This section of the report will analyse the
implications of China’s energy supply revolution
in four areas: energy supply, the transformation
of industry and energy capacity, investment, and
employment.
19
Sun Wei, Li Jianlin and Wang Mingwang, et al.
Business Operation Models of Energy Storage Systems
and Analysis of Typical Cases, China Electric Power
Press, Beijing, 2017.
164
W. Xiaoming et al.
development of centralised renewable energy,
distributed power generation and microgrids.
Provides grid support and makes large-scale
centralised renewable energy more efficient.
Energy storage allows renewable energy to have
the same attributes as conventional energy,
making it schedulable, predictable and controllable. Large-scale centralised renewable energy
storage shows two key trends: the first is to
enable local renewable energy to be used as a
reliable source of power in a national or regional
grid. Energy storage can offset the effects of
intermittency by releasing energy when needed,
increasing the acceptability of renewables as an
important contributor to grid operations. The
second is a shift from single-point and
single-type energy storage to multi-point and
multi-type storage. As energy storage evolves
into a system, it can control, schedule and optimise multiple types of energy storage from different grid connection points in a holistic
manner.
Energy storage drives the development of
distributed renewable energy. Energy storage is a
critical support technology for distributed generation and smart microgrids. It plays an
increasingly important role in integrating, coordinating and managing multiple energy sources.
Energy storage units are becoming more compact, modular and fast responding. As energy
demand diversifies, and users of AC and DC
power at different voltages coexist, energy storage will be the mainstream technology to enable
end users to switch roles from power consumer
to producer. Energy storage will be a buffer and
an enabler of flexible and smart interactions.
Coordinated development of energy storage
and electric vehicles. Electric vehicles (EVs) will
be part of the future grid as an important means
of energy storage. EVs have two main energy
storage applications—they can transfer power
from a secondary battery located outside of the
vehicle, or the vehicle can act as an energy
storage unit itself. As sales of EVs increase, the
energy storage potential of a secondary battery
will remain at around 15% of the capacity of the
on-board battery. By 2020, the total energy
storage capacity of EVs in China is expected to
reach 3.766 GW/13.749 GWh, with 2.1 GW/10.4
GWh from secondary batteries.
19 In the future,
the interaction between EVs and the grid will be
two-way instead of one-way. EVs will feed
energy into the grid and also function as a distributed energy storage source. In addition, they
will provide many ancillary grid services, help
consume distributed new energy and improve the
cost effectiveness and security of grid operations.
The cloud will become a new type of energy
storage in the future. According to research by
scientists such as Kang Chongqing, cloud energy
storage will be a grid-based service that allows
consumers to use a shared energy storage pool at
anytime and anywhere. It would lower the cost of
providing energy storage services sharply. Cloud
energy storage is part of the sharing economy in
which assets, resources and services are shared
by a group of individuals or companies. Cloud
energy storage can be either a grid-scale centralised facility or a fleet of smaller distributed
units, operated and managed by cloud energy
storage providers.
6 The Implications of China’s
Energy Revolution
Vigorous development of clean energy and
building a diversified supply system are the
foundations and goals of the energy revolution.
International experience shows that changes in
energy supply require policy support, innovation
in production and supply technologies, the
transformation of industry, and optimised allocation of investment and employment resources.
This section of the report will analyse the
implications of China’s energy supply revolution
in four areas: energy supply, the transformation
of industry and energy capacity, investment, and
employment.
19
Sun Wei, Li Jianlin and Wang Mingwang, et al.
Business Operation Models of Energy Storage Systems
and Analysis of Typical Cases, China Electric Power
Press, Beijing, 2017.
164
W. Xiaoming et al.