energy replaces 87 Mtce of fossil fuels annually.
In 2020–30, solar thermal capacity will be 1.2
billion cubic metres, replacing 120 Mtce of
fossil fuels per year. In 2030–50, as medium- and
high-temperature solar application technologies
are developed, solar thermal will extend to
heating and cooling medium- and hightemperature commercial and industrial applications. The production capacity of solar thermal
applications will grow to 1.4 billion cubic
metres, replacing 150 Mtce of fossil fuels
annually.
Biogas and biomass briquettes will help meet
heat demand for cooking and boilers. By 2030,
biogas purification technology will be close to
maturity, and the industrial biogas production
sector will begin to take shape. Intensive agriculture and compact biomass briquette technology will be developed in suitable areas at scale to
achieve an annual production target of 30 Mt of
briquettes. Centralised geothermal heating will
become predominant in the north, north-east, east
and south-west, and ground source heat pumps
will be deployed at scale in regions that are hot in
summer and cold in winter, like the middle and
lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In 2030–50,
biogas technology will be widely used in urban
and rural areas, and annual production of biogas
will reach 50 billion cubic metres. As the reliability and lifespan of biomass briquette production equipment improves, markets will be
extensively developed and suitable areas will see
the large-scale development of biomass briquette
manufacturing. As geothermal heat technologies
mature, applications will be promoted extensively in China. By 2050, geothermal energy will
heat or cool 1 billion square metres of floor
space, replacing 60 Mtce of fossil fuels per year.
4.2.3 Nuclear Power: Safe
Development and Larger
Share of China’s Power
Output
(1) Installed nuclear power capacity will significantly increase with third-generation
pressurised water reactor (PWR) technology
A well-proven and safe technology, thirdgeneration PWR is the mainstream technology
in nuclear power plants across the world and for
China’s future nuclear power development.
China will increase its investment in nuclear
power plants in eastern coastal areas and build a
nuclear power belt in east and central China, all
using third-generation PWR. In 2020, the
installed capacity of nuclear power plants, built
or under construction, will be 58 GW and 30 GW
respectively, and nuclear power’s share of China’s total power output will be more than 5%. In
2030, the installed capacity of nuclear power
plants built or under construction will grow to
120–150 GW and 30 GW respectively, which
will increase nuclear’s share of China’s total
power output beyond 10%. In 2050, the installed
capacity of nuclear power plants built will reach
350 GW, and nuclear’s share of China’s total
power output will top 20%, becoming one of the
main pillars of the power sector.
(2) China will become a nuclear power hub
Alongside nuclear power development in east and
central areas of the country, China’s nuclear
power equipment manufacturing, and project
construction capability will significantly improve.
The CAP1400 and Hualong 1 nuclear power
demonstration projects will become a national
brand, enabling China’s nuclear power technologies to go global. By 2020, China’s nuclear power
technology and equipment export framework will
have taken shape. By 2030, the level of exports
will be an important indicator of China’s international competitiveness in the nuclear power
sector, helping China to become a nuclear power
equipment manufacturing hub for the world.
(3) Nuclear power development will be based
on informed decision-making and public
acceptability
Acceptability has restricted nuclear power development. In the future, the decision-making process will be more scientific and consistent to
ensure nuclear development strategies and plans
are clearly defined and implemented. Laws and
regulations will be improved to ensure all activities have a legal basis. Positive publicity and
public guidance will ensure better information and
improved public acceptability of nuclear power.
152
W. Xiaoming et al.
In 2020–30, solar thermal capacity will be 1.2
billion cubic metres, replacing 120 Mtce of
fossil fuels per year. In 2030–50, as medium- and
high-temperature solar application technologies
are developed, solar thermal will extend to
heating and cooling medium- and hightemperature commercial and industrial applications. The production capacity of solar thermal
applications will grow to 1.4 billion cubic
metres, replacing 150 Mtce of fossil fuels
annually.
Biogas and biomass briquettes will help meet
heat demand for cooking and boilers. By 2030,
biogas purification technology will be close to
maturity, and the industrial biogas production
sector will begin to take shape. Intensive agriculture and compact biomass briquette technology will be developed in suitable areas at scale to
achieve an annual production target of 30 Mt of
briquettes. Centralised geothermal heating will
become predominant in the north, north-east, east
and south-west, and ground source heat pumps
will be deployed at scale in regions that are hot in
summer and cold in winter, like the middle and
lower reaches of the Yangtze River. In 2030–50,
biogas technology will be widely used in urban
and rural areas, and annual production of biogas
will reach 50 billion cubic metres. As the reliability and lifespan of biomass briquette production equipment improves, markets will be
extensively developed and suitable areas will see
the large-scale development of biomass briquette
manufacturing. As geothermal heat technologies
mature, applications will be promoted extensively in China. By 2050, geothermal energy will
heat or cool 1 billion square metres of floor
space, replacing 60 Mtce of fossil fuels per year.
4.2.3 Nuclear Power: Safe
Development and Larger
Share of China’s Power
Output
(1) Installed nuclear power capacity will significantly increase with third-generation
pressurised water reactor (PWR) technology
A well-proven and safe technology, thirdgeneration PWR is the mainstream technology
in nuclear power plants across the world and for
China’s future nuclear power development.
China will increase its investment in nuclear
power plants in eastern coastal areas and build a
nuclear power belt in east and central China, all
using third-generation PWR. In 2020, the
installed capacity of nuclear power plants, built
or under construction, will be 58 GW and 30 GW
respectively, and nuclear power’s share of China’s total power output will be more than 5%. In
2030, the installed capacity of nuclear power
plants built or under construction will grow to
120–150 GW and 30 GW respectively, which
will increase nuclear’s share of China’s total
power output beyond 10%. In 2050, the installed
capacity of nuclear power plants built will reach
350 GW, and nuclear’s share of China’s total
power output will top 20%, becoming one of the
main pillars of the power sector.
(2) China will become a nuclear power hub
Alongside nuclear power development in east and
central areas of the country, China’s nuclear
power equipment manufacturing, and project
construction capability will significantly improve.
The CAP1400 and Hualong 1 nuclear power
demonstration projects will become a national
brand, enabling China’s nuclear power technologies to go global. By 2020, China’s nuclear power
technology and equipment export framework will
have taken shape. By 2030, the level of exports
will be an important indicator of China’s international competitiveness in the nuclear power
sector, helping China to become a nuclear power
equipment manufacturing hub for the world.
(3) Nuclear power development will be based
on informed decision-making and public
acceptability
Acceptability has restricted nuclear power development. In the future, the decision-making process will be more scientific and consistent to
ensure nuclear development strategies and plans
are clearly defined and implemented. Laws and
regulations will be improved to ensure all activities have a legal basis. Positive publicity and
public guidance will ensure better information and
improved public acceptability of nuclear power.
152
W. Xiaoming et al.