72
I. C. Ishak et al.
Table 8.4 Population, sample, and respondents
Parties
Population Sample Respondents
Port Authority
20
10
2
Port
20
10
2
The industrial-experienced staff of the marine working
environment
10
10
10
Residents
40
40
39
Total
90
70
53
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Efficient prevention steps:
1.
Ship Operation
2.
Ship Design
Ship Crash Prevention
Towards Oil Spill
Fig. 8.2 Theoretical framework
C. The Theoretical Framework
The anticipated conceptual theoretical framework of the research which includes
three effective precaution steps from the ship crash is illustrated in Fig. 8.2.
8.4 Data Analysis and Discussion
A. Reliability Test of the Pilot Test
A pilot test was organized among the industrial-experienced staff of the maritime
institution in Lumut, Perak, and staff of the related Port Authority and Port company.
Table 8.5 reveals the Cronbach’s alpha of the pilot questionnaire for 19 elements
at 0.636. The two questions that gave a Cronbach’s alpha lower than 0.5 have been
removed. The range of the Cronbach’s alpha was from 0.500 to 0.636.
B. Respondents Demographic
The summary of the respondents demographic is shown in Table 8.6.
Table 8.5 Reliability
statistics
Reliability statistics
Cronbach’s alpha value
No of elements
0.636
19