Chapter 8
Ship Crash Prevention Toward Oil Spill
Incidents
Ismila Che Ishak, Shahlin Johan, Aminuddin Md Arof,
and Md Redzuan Zoolfakar
Abstract The elements that contribute to the oil spill incidents can be separated
into human factors, technical factors, and natural factors. The human factors consist
of fatigue, unsafe behavior, illegal releasing the oil to the sea, poor emergency planning response, and human activities. Meanwhile, the technical factors covered ship
collision, vessel condition, engine oil problem, pipeline leak, loading and unloading
activity, oil digging, and shipwreck. Besides, the natural factors cover tidal-flow,
ocean-stream, and wind speed-driven advection, mechanical stretching, turbulent
dispersion, and bad ocean environment. There are several precautionary steps to avoid
and lessen the proportion of oil spill incidents at sea. This research concentrates on
recognizing the effective precaution steps in protecting the marine environment from
oil spill pollution. It covered two important elements such as ship operations and ship
design. The choice of the respondents involved staff from one port at various levels,
senior experienced respondents from the marine academic institute, and selected
residents. A 70 questionnaire survey has been performed to accumulate significant
and precise figures. The data is analyzed by using SPSS from 53 respondents. The
findings reveal that the ship operations are granted the most important element in the
efficiency of the precaution step to avoid the ship from the crash with the residual
value at 25.5. Meanwhile, the ship design is the second criterion of the important
precaution steps in the reduction of ship collision with the residual value at 20.5.
I. C. Ishak (B) · S. Johan · A. M. Arof
Maritime Management Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute Marine Engineering
Technology, 32200 Lumut, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: ismila@unikl.edu.my
S. Johan
e-mail: shahlin.johan@yahoo.com.my
A. M. Arof
e-mail: aminuddin@unikl.edu.my
M. R. Zoolfakar
Marine and Electrical Engineering Technology Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian
Institute Marine Engineering Technology, 32200 Lumut, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: redzuan@unikl.edu.my
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_8
67
Ship Crash Prevention Toward Oil Spill
Incidents
Ismila Che Ishak, Shahlin Johan, Aminuddin Md Arof,
and Md Redzuan Zoolfakar
Abstract The elements that contribute to the oil spill incidents can be separated
into human factors, technical factors, and natural factors. The human factors consist
of fatigue, unsafe behavior, illegal releasing the oil to the sea, poor emergency planning response, and human activities. Meanwhile, the technical factors covered ship
collision, vessel condition, engine oil problem, pipeline leak, loading and unloading
activity, oil digging, and shipwreck. Besides, the natural factors cover tidal-flow,
ocean-stream, and wind speed-driven advection, mechanical stretching, turbulent
dispersion, and bad ocean environment. There are several precautionary steps to avoid
and lessen the proportion of oil spill incidents at sea. This research concentrates on
recognizing the effective precaution steps in protecting the marine environment from
oil spill pollution. It covered two important elements such as ship operations and ship
design. The choice of the respondents involved staff from one port at various levels,
senior experienced respondents from the marine academic institute, and selected
residents. A 70 questionnaire survey has been performed to accumulate significant
and precise figures. The data is analyzed by using SPSS from 53 respondents. The
findings reveal that the ship operations are granted the most important element in the
efficiency of the precaution step to avoid the ship from the crash with the residual
value at 25.5. Meanwhile, the ship design is the second criterion of the important
precaution steps in the reduction of ship collision with the residual value at 20.5.
I. C. Ishak (B) · S. Johan · A. M. Arof
Maritime Management Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute Marine Engineering
Technology, 32200 Lumut, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: ismila@unikl.edu.my
S. Johan
e-mail: shahlin.johan@yahoo.com.my
A. M. Arof
e-mail: aminuddin@unikl.edu.my
M. R. Zoolfakar
Marine and Electrical Engineering Technology Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian
Institute Marine Engineering Technology, 32200 Lumut, Perak, Malaysia
e-mail: redzuan@unikl.edu.my
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_8
67