58
I. M. Ikram et al.
6.4 Conclusion
From the observation, it can be concluded that the tool travel direction should be
pushed forward of the specimen and this will provide sufficient plowing effect instead
of pushing the tool backward.
Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) and
Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) for the facilities and funding provided for this research.
References
1. Meilinger, A., Torok, I.: The importance of friction stir welding tool. Prod. Process. Syst. 6(1),
25–34 (2013)
2. Kumar, S., Kumar, A.: Optimization of process parameters for friction stir welding of joining
AA6061 and AA6082 alloys by Taguchi method. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng.
Sci. 227(6), 1150–1163 (2012)
3. Sidhu, M.S., Chatha, S.S.: Friction stir welding—process and its variables: a review. Int. J.
Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng. 2(12), 275–279 (2012)
4. Moustafa, E.: Effect of multi-pass friction stir processing on mechanical properties for
AA2024/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites. Mater 10(1053), 1–17 (2017)
5. Titilayo, A.E., Makundwaneyi, M.D., Akinwale, A.S.: Reconfiguration of a milling machine
to achieve friction stir welds. Mech. Aerosp. Eng 232, 86–91 (2012)
6. Rai, R., De, A., Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H., DebRoy, T.: Review: friction stir welding tools. Sci.
Technol. Weld. Join. 16(4), 325–342 (2011)
7. Almanar, I.P., Shaari, M.S.B., Jaffarullah, M.S., Busu, N., Zainal, M.A.F., Kasim, M.A.A.:
Temperature distribution in friction stir welding using finite element method. IOP Conf. Ser.
Earth Environ. Sci. 8(10), 1669–1674 (2014)
8. Godiganur, V.S., Biradar, S.: Comparison of friction stirs welding technique with conventional
welding methods. Int. J. Eng. Res. 3(15), 572–576 (2014)
9. Podrzaj, P., Jerman, B., Klobcar, D.: Welding defects at friction stir welding. Metalurgija 54(2),
387–389 (2015)
10. Levy, E.T.A.A.C.S.: Design of a support system for a re-configured milling machine to achieve
friction stir welds. Proc WCE 1, 1–10 (2013)
11. Costa, M.I., Verdera, D., Costa, J.D., Leitao, C., Rodrigues, D.M.: Influence of pin geometry
and process parameters on friction stir lap welding of AA5754-H22 thin sheets. J. Mater.
Process. Tech. 225, 385–392 (2015)
12. ANSI: Friction Stir Aluminum Alloys for Aerospace (2010)
13. Sohn, K.Y., Allison, S.A., Johns, J.W.: Manganese containing inclusions in LPDC AM50 alloys.
Magnes. Technol. 815, 50–52 (2000)
14. Tolephih, M.H., Mahmood, H.M., Esam, H.H.: Effect of tool offset and tilt angle on weld
strength of Butt joint friction stir welded specimens of AA2024 aluminum alloy welded to
commercial pure cupper. Chem. Mater. 3(4), 49–58 (2013)
15. Ismail, A., Awang, M., Ab Rahman, F., Megat Khalid, P.Z., Baharudin, B.A., Rojan, M.A.,
Hamid, D.A.: The effects of welding parameters on macro and micro-structure of friction stir
welded aluminium. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 53(012014), 1–7 (2019)
16. Melendez, M., Tang, W., Schmidt, C., McClure, J.C., Nunes, A.C., Murr, L.E.: Tool forces
developed during friction stir welding. NTRS 20030071631, 1–38 (2013)
I. M. Ikram et al.
6.4 Conclusion
From the observation, it can be concluded that the tool travel direction should be
pushed forward of the specimen and this will provide sufficient plowing effect instead
of pushing the tool backward.
Acknowledgements The author would like to thank Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA) and
Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL) for the facilities and funding provided for this research.
References
1. Meilinger, A., Torok, I.: The importance of friction stir welding tool. Prod. Process. Syst. 6(1),
25–34 (2013)
2. Kumar, S., Kumar, A.: Optimization of process parameters for friction stir welding of joining
AA6061 and AA6082 alloys by Taguchi method. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C J. Mech. Eng.
Sci. 227(6), 1150–1163 (2012)
3. Sidhu, M.S., Chatha, S.S.: Friction stir welding—process and its variables: a review. Int. J.
Emerg. Technol. Adv. Eng. 2(12), 275–279 (2012)
4. Moustafa, E.: Effect of multi-pass friction stir processing on mechanical properties for
AA2024/Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites. Mater 10(1053), 1–17 (2017)
5. Titilayo, A.E., Makundwaneyi, M.D., Akinwale, A.S.: Reconfiguration of a milling machine
to achieve friction stir welds. Mech. Aerosp. Eng 232, 86–91 (2012)
6. Rai, R., De, A., Bhadeshia, H.K.D.H., DebRoy, T.: Review: friction stir welding tools. Sci.
Technol. Weld. Join. 16(4), 325–342 (2011)
7. Almanar, I.P., Shaari, M.S.B., Jaffarullah, M.S., Busu, N., Zainal, M.A.F., Kasim, M.A.A.:
Temperature distribution in friction stir welding using finite element method. IOP Conf. Ser.
Earth Environ. Sci. 8(10), 1669–1674 (2014)
8. Godiganur, V.S., Biradar, S.: Comparison of friction stirs welding technique with conventional
welding methods. Int. J. Eng. Res. 3(15), 572–576 (2014)
9. Podrzaj, P., Jerman, B., Klobcar, D.: Welding defects at friction stir welding. Metalurgija 54(2),
387–389 (2015)
10. Levy, E.T.A.A.C.S.: Design of a support system for a re-configured milling machine to achieve
friction stir welds. Proc WCE 1, 1–10 (2013)
11. Costa, M.I., Verdera, D., Costa, J.D., Leitao, C., Rodrigues, D.M.: Influence of pin geometry
and process parameters on friction stir lap welding of AA5754-H22 thin sheets. J. Mater.
Process. Tech. 225, 385–392 (2015)
12. ANSI: Friction Stir Aluminum Alloys for Aerospace (2010)
13. Sohn, K.Y., Allison, S.A., Johns, J.W.: Manganese containing inclusions in LPDC AM50 alloys.
Magnes. Technol. 815, 50–52 (2000)
14. Tolephih, M.H., Mahmood, H.M., Esam, H.H.: Effect of tool offset and tilt angle on weld
strength of Butt joint friction stir welded specimens of AA2024 aluminum alloy welded to
commercial pure cupper. Chem. Mater. 3(4), 49–58 (2013)
15. Ismail, A., Awang, M., Ab Rahman, F., Megat Khalid, P.Z., Baharudin, B.A., Rojan, M.A.,
Hamid, D.A.: The effects of welding parameters on macro and micro-structure of friction stir
welded aluminium. IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 53(012014), 1–7 (2019)
16. Melendez, M., Tang, W., Schmidt, C., McClure, J.C., Nunes, A.C., Murr, L.E.: Tool forces
developed during friction stir welding. NTRS 20030071631, 1–38 (2013)