42
I. C. Ishak et al.
Table 5.1 Definition of oil spill
[9]
Oil spills are the significant sources of hydrocarbons entering into the receiving aquatic
environment
[21] Some pollution of a natural habitat, which has devastating effects on species and inhibits
the growth rate and development of plants or animals or interacts with human comfort,
security, property values, and facilities
[26] The release is caused by human activity that oppresses and explores liquid petroleum for
daily use resulting in an oil spill disaster
[19] Oil spill involves the release into the atmosphere of a liquid oil hydrocarbon, primarily
from human activities, into the marine or coastal waters. Oil can consist of a variety of
materials, including crude oil, petroleum products, and by-products, oil waste, or
waste-mixed oil
contribute to marine pollution and affect the marine life as well as other parties
involved. The oil spill affects the marine life, cause severe damage to ecosystems
and loss to human society [7]. This study is focused on the oil spill response by
the marine-related companies in Lumut, Perak. The objectives of this study were to
identify the key effective elements towards accomplishment of the oil spill response
by the selected marine companies.
5.2 Literature Review
5.2.1 Overview of Oil Spill
The oil spillage happens when there is any negligence due to human error or technical
error [3]. Table 5.1 shows several definitions of oil spills from different authors. In
common, the oil spill is known as any substance entering the seawater that could
cause a pollution of the marine environment. These releases may cause harm and
affect marine life, human life, society, economy and nation [4]. Human life is the
priority in marine oil spill response [2].
5.2.2 Effects of the Oil Spill
Oil spills are caused by the release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon in the ocean
or natural environment because of the human fault from activities and they caused
serious contamination which gives worrisome to a lot of groups who are influenced
by these harms [25]. Besides that, the oil spills can have disastrous consequences for
society; economically, environmentally, and socially. As a consequence, accidents
involving oil spills have generated intense media coverage and political controversy,
I. C. Ishak et al.
Table 5.1 Definition of oil spill
[9]
Oil spills are the significant sources of hydrocarbons entering into the receiving aquatic
environment
[21] Some pollution of a natural habitat, which has devastating effects on species and inhibits
the growth rate and development of plants or animals or interacts with human comfort,
security, property values, and facilities
[26] The release is caused by human activity that oppresses and explores liquid petroleum for
daily use resulting in an oil spill disaster
[19] Oil spill involves the release into the atmosphere of a liquid oil hydrocarbon, primarily
from human activities, into the marine or coastal waters. Oil can consist of a variety of
materials, including crude oil, petroleum products, and by-products, oil waste, or
waste-mixed oil
contribute to marine pollution and affect the marine life as well as other parties
involved. The oil spill affects the marine life, cause severe damage to ecosystems
and loss to human society [7]. This study is focused on the oil spill response by
the marine-related companies in Lumut, Perak. The objectives of this study were to
identify the key effective elements towards accomplishment of the oil spill response
by the selected marine companies.
5.2 Literature Review
5.2.1 Overview of Oil Spill
The oil spillage happens when there is any negligence due to human error or technical
error [3]. Table 5.1 shows several definitions of oil spills from different authors. In
common, the oil spill is known as any substance entering the seawater that could
cause a pollution of the marine environment. These releases may cause harm and
affect marine life, human life, society, economy and nation [4]. Human life is the
priority in marine oil spill response [2].
5.2.2 Effects of the Oil Spill
Oil spills are caused by the release of liquid petroleum hydrocarbon in the ocean
or natural environment because of the human fault from activities and they caused
serious contamination which gives worrisome to a lot of groups who are influenced
by these harms [25]. Besides that, the oil spills can have disastrous consequences for
society; economically, environmentally, and socially. As a consequence, accidents
involving oil spills have generated intense media coverage and political controversy,