4 Hybrid Composite Fiberglass Structure with Embedded …
33
Table 4.1 Summary of various layer composite fiberglass fabricated by hand lay-up method
Layer
Method
Finding
10 layers • Flexural (ASTM D790)
• Tensile (ASTM D638)
• Impact (ASTM D256)
• Hand lay-up
• Epoxy matrix, MEKP 2%
• E glass specimen flexural
(359.14 N/mm 2 ) [11]
• Flexural modulus (254.28 N/mm 2) [11]
• Tensile (280.25 N/mm 2 ) [11]
• Tensile modulus (5136.27 N/mm 2 ) [11]
• Impact (11.4 J) [11]
7 layers • Tensile (ASTM D3039) crosshead
speed (10 mm/min.)
• Flexural (ASTM D790). crosshead
speed (1.2 mm/min)
• Impact (ASTM D256)
• Hand lay-up
• Polyester matrix, aluminum phosphate
additive
• The tensile strength (239.706 MPa) [6]
• Tensile strain (0.0530) [6]
• Flexural strength (316.33 N/mm 2 ) [6]
• Flexural strain (7.89%) [6]
• Impact (0.3126 J/mm 2 ) [6]
• Additive 5wt% produced optimum
mechanical strength [6]
5 layers • Flexural (ASTM D790)
• Tensile (ASTM D638)
• Vickers hardness test (245.2mN,
HV0.025)
• Polyester matrix, E Fiberglas
• Flexural strength (176.8 MPa) [10]
• Tensile (106.8 MPa) [10]
• Hardness (39.9 HV) [10]
4 layers • Tensile (ASTM D 638). Crosshead
speed (10 mm/min.)
• Brinell (305.92 kg(f), steel ball, 5 mm)
• Hand lay-up, cold compression
• Polyester matrix, E fiberglass, heat
treatment
• Tensile strength (135 -200 MPa) [9]
• Tensile modulus (1400-2400 MPa) [9]
• Impact (140–155 kJ/m 2 ) [12]
• Hardness (37–54 BHN) [12]
3 layers • Hand lay-up process
• Impact (ASTM E23)
• Brinell (100 kg, steel ball 1.6 mm)
• Hematite additive
• Impact 90° orientation (2.10 J/mm 2) [7]
• Hardness 90° orientation (76 BHN) [7]
• 6 wt% additive produced optimum
mechanical strength [7]
3 layer
• Hand lay-up process
• MEKP 10%
• Flexural (ASTM D790)
• Polyester matrix, fiberglass (chopped,
0/90° fiber mat)
• Flexural 3 layers random orientation
(158 MPa), Young Modulus
(85.103 MPa) [8]
• Flexural 3 layers 90° orientation
(165 MPa), Young Modulus
(61.085 MPa) [8]
• Flexural (random/90°/random)
orientation (195 MPa), Young Modulus
(107.59 MPa) [8]
Thus, this research is focused to explore on the effect different types of fiberglass and
ratios of aluminum phosphate on the performance of mechanical and fire retardants
properties of a new hybrid composite fiberglass embedded with aluminum phosphate.
33
Table 4.1 Summary of various layer composite fiberglass fabricated by hand lay-up method
Layer
Method
Finding
10 layers • Flexural (ASTM D790)
• Tensile (ASTM D638)
• Impact (ASTM D256)
• Hand lay-up
• Epoxy matrix, MEKP 2%
• E glass specimen flexural
(359.14 N/mm 2 ) [11]
• Flexural modulus (254.28 N/mm 2) [11]
• Tensile (280.25 N/mm 2 ) [11]
• Tensile modulus (5136.27 N/mm 2 ) [11]
• Impact (11.4 J) [11]
7 layers • Tensile (ASTM D3039) crosshead
speed (10 mm/min.)
• Flexural (ASTM D790). crosshead
speed (1.2 mm/min)
• Impact (ASTM D256)
• Hand lay-up
• Polyester matrix, aluminum phosphate
additive
• The tensile strength (239.706 MPa) [6]
• Tensile strain (0.0530) [6]
• Flexural strength (316.33 N/mm 2 ) [6]
• Flexural strain (7.89%) [6]
• Impact (0.3126 J/mm 2 ) [6]
• Additive 5wt% produced optimum
mechanical strength [6]
5 layers • Flexural (ASTM D790)
• Tensile (ASTM D638)
• Vickers hardness test (245.2mN,
HV0.025)
• Polyester matrix, E Fiberglas
• Flexural strength (176.8 MPa) [10]
• Tensile (106.8 MPa) [10]
• Hardness (39.9 HV) [10]
4 layers • Tensile (ASTM D 638). Crosshead
speed (10 mm/min.)
• Brinell (305.92 kg(f), steel ball, 5 mm)
• Hand lay-up, cold compression
• Polyester matrix, E fiberglass, heat
treatment
• Tensile strength (135 -200 MPa) [9]
• Tensile modulus (1400-2400 MPa) [9]
• Impact (140–155 kJ/m 2 ) [12]
• Hardness (37–54 BHN) [12]
3 layers • Hand lay-up process
• Impact (ASTM E23)
• Brinell (100 kg, steel ball 1.6 mm)
• Hematite additive
• Impact 90° orientation (2.10 J/mm 2) [7]
• Hardness 90° orientation (76 BHN) [7]
• 6 wt% additive produced optimum
mechanical strength [7]
3 layer
• Hand lay-up process
• MEKP 10%
• Flexural (ASTM D790)
• Polyester matrix, fiberglass (chopped,
0/90° fiber mat)
• Flexural 3 layers random orientation
(158 MPa), Young Modulus
(85.103 MPa) [8]
• Flexural 3 layers 90° orientation
(165 MPa), Young Modulus
(61.085 MPa) [8]
• Flexural (random/90°/random)
orientation (195 MPa), Young Modulus
(107.59 MPa) [8]
Thus, this research is focused to explore on the effect different types of fiberglass and
ratios of aluminum phosphate on the performance of mechanical and fire retardants
properties of a new hybrid composite fiberglass embedded with aluminum phosphate.