Chapter 4
Hybrid Composite Fiberglass Structure
with Embedded Aluminum Phosphate
New Fire Retardants Additive: Effect
of Fiberglass Types
Asmalina Mohamed Saat, Syarmela Alaauldin, Asmawi Malik,
Md Salim Kamil, and Abdul Latiff Mohd Zaini
Abstract Composite fiberglass is a common material used in marine industry to
fabricate marine sport equipment, boats, yachts and others. The material is expected
to have a performance such as high strength, economic and safety especially related
to fire incidents. However, in composite fiberglass, the resin in the system has high
flammability properties and becomes the acceleration factor of fire propagation after
ignition. The current system is a combination of ATH and APP and produces optimum
fire-retardant performance. The mixture with a fire-retardant additive leads to an extra
procedure and risk to the mechanical properties of the structure. Thus, this study
is conducted to evaluate the mechanical and fire retardants performance of various
hybrid multilayer fiberglass composites embedded with aluminum phosphate (0 wt%,
5 wt%, 10 wt%), a new fire-retardant additive. The highest mechanical strength was
observed in samples with in all samples with 5wt% of aluminum phosphate additive.
A combination layer of CSM, WR and CSM shows the optimum result for mechanical
strength and fire-retardant properties.
Keywords Composite fiberglass · ATH · APP · AlPO 4 · Fire-retardant coating
A. M. Saat · S. Alaauldin (B) · A. Malik · M. S. Kamil · A. L. M. Zaini
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Perak,
Malaysia
e-mail: syarmela@unikl.edu.my
A. M. Saat
e-mail: asmalina@unikl.edu.my
A. Malik
e-mail: asmawiam@unikl.edu.my
M. S. Kamil
e-mail: mdsalim@unikl.edu.my
A. L. M. Zaini
e-mail: latif.zaini92@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_4
31
Hybrid Composite Fiberglass Structure
with Embedded Aluminum Phosphate
New Fire Retardants Additive: Effect
of Fiberglass Types
Asmalina Mohamed Saat, Syarmela Alaauldin, Asmawi Malik,
Md Salim Kamil, and Abdul Latiff Mohd Zaini
Abstract Composite fiberglass is a common material used in marine industry to
fabricate marine sport equipment, boats, yachts and others. The material is expected
to have a performance such as high strength, economic and safety especially related
to fire incidents. However, in composite fiberglass, the resin in the system has high
flammability properties and becomes the acceleration factor of fire propagation after
ignition. The current system is a combination of ATH and APP and produces optimum
fire-retardant performance. The mixture with a fire-retardant additive leads to an extra
procedure and risk to the mechanical properties of the structure. Thus, this study
is conducted to evaluate the mechanical and fire retardants performance of various
hybrid multilayer fiberglass composites embedded with aluminum phosphate (0 wt%,
5 wt%, 10 wt%), a new fire-retardant additive. The highest mechanical strength was
observed in samples with in all samples with 5wt% of aluminum phosphate additive.
A combination layer of CSM, WR and CSM shows the optimum result for mechanical
strength and fire-retardant properties.
Keywords Composite fiberglass · ATH · APP · AlPO 4 · Fire-retardant coating
A. M. Saat · S. Alaauldin (B) · A. Malik · M. S. Kamil · A. L. M. Zaini
Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Perak,
Malaysia
e-mail: syarmela@unikl.edu.my
A. M. Saat
e-mail: asmalina@unikl.edu.my
A. Malik
e-mail: asmawiam@unikl.edu.my
M. S. Kamil
e-mail: mdsalim@unikl.edu.my
A. L. M. Zaini
e-mail: latif.zaini92@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_4
31