316
M. Z. Saleh et al.
Keywords 5G technology · Enhancement asymmetric arithmetic coding (EAAC)
MIMO · Probability of error · STFBC
30.1 Introduction
The growth of wireless communication nowadays is because of the demand from
the user to communicate at any distance and any time. The revolution from 4 to
5G communication is mandatory due to the growth of wireless communication
nowadays [1]. This revolution is because the 5G technology offers high-speed user
capacity, good voice quality, high-speed data transmission, ultra-low latency, low
power consumption, and tolerance to noise [2, 3]. The 5G technology is capable to
provide data transmission of more than 1 gigabyte per second (Gbps). This is superior
to 4G which is just 200 megabytes per second (Mbps). This 5G technology is also
capable to support millions of wireless communication devices at ultra-speed and
this affects the economy of a country by ushering into the fourth industrial revolution
(I.R 4.0). Autonomous vehicles, object tracking, and virtual reality is the technology
that can be achieved from this 5G technology.
The system performance’s improvement has decided to use the multiple input
multiple output (MIMO) technology [4]. MIMO is a wireless communication antenna
technology which is using multiple antennas on both the transmitter and the receiver
sides. The MIMO technology has gained interest in wireless communications because
without additional bandwidth or transmit capacity, it enables significant improvements in data rate and link range [4]. In addition, MIMO allows many users to be
served at the same time. Thus, the main advantages of MIMO are to be able to provide
efficient spectral performance and high energy efficiency of cellular networks [5].
A complete wireless system model of STFBC-MIMO that deployed EAAC as a
block coding technique has been further improved with the usage of a digital filter
at the transmitter system. By adding the digital filter, it causes higher peaks to the
average power ratio (PAPR) to the signal before it is being transmitted. Based on
the previous work, PAPR can be eliminated with the combination of STFBC-MIMO
and the arithmetic coding (AC) technique, but it however, causes high computational
complexity and affects the system model.
In general, to satisfy the diversified and high demands of the coming 5G cellular
networks, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) looks insufficient to
provide 5G with efficient and reliable networks, and thus, the authors in [6] and
[7], stated even OFDM is the most advanced modulation scheme technique, it still
has a deficiency in the system which is difficult to respond simultaneously to the
needs of various types of services and related channel characteristics. Secondly,
although OFDM delivers high spectral efficiency, the out-of-band emission (OOBE)
still occurs inside the OFDM system. Besides, OFDM fails to create a near-perfect
alignment of time frequencies. In order to overcome the deficiency of the OFDM
system, the researcher in [6] mentions a new modulation scheme which is filter
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) in their research. At each
M. Z. Saleh et al.
Keywords 5G technology · Enhancement asymmetric arithmetic coding (EAAC)
MIMO · Probability of error · STFBC
30.1 Introduction
The growth of wireless communication nowadays is because of the demand from
the user to communicate at any distance and any time. The revolution from 4 to
5G communication is mandatory due to the growth of wireless communication
nowadays [1]. This revolution is because the 5G technology offers high-speed user
capacity, good voice quality, high-speed data transmission, ultra-low latency, low
power consumption, and tolerance to noise [2, 3]. The 5G technology is capable to
provide data transmission of more than 1 gigabyte per second (Gbps). This is superior
to 4G which is just 200 megabytes per second (Mbps). This 5G technology is also
capable to support millions of wireless communication devices at ultra-speed and
this affects the economy of a country by ushering into the fourth industrial revolution
(I.R 4.0). Autonomous vehicles, object tracking, and virtual reality is the technology
that can be achieved from this 5G technology.
The system performance’s improvement has decided to use the multiple input
multiple output (MIMO) technology [4]. MIMO is a wireless communication antenna
technology which is using multiple antennas on both the transmitter and the receiver
sides. The MIMO technology has gained interest in wireless communications because
without additional bandwidth or transmit capacity, it enables significant improvements in data rate and link range [4]. In addition, MIMO allows many users to be
served at the same time. Thus, the main advantages of MIMO are to be able to provide
efficient spectral performance and high energy efficiency of cellular networks [5].
A complete wireless system model of STFBC-MIMO that deployed EAAC as a
block coding technique has been further improved with the usage of a digital filter
at the transmitter system. By adding the digital filter, it causes higher peaks to the
average power ratio (PAPR) to the signal before it is being transmitted. Based on
the previous work, PAPR can be eliminated with the combination of STFBC-MIMO
and the arithmetic coding (AC) technique, but it however, causes high computational
complexity and affects the system model.
In general, to satisfy the diversified and high demands of the coming 5G cellular
networks, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) looks insufficient to
provide 5G with efficient and reliable networks, and thus, the authors in [6] and
[7], stated even OFDM is the most advanced modulation scheme technique, it still
has a deficiency in the system which is difficult to respond simultaneously to the
needs of various types of services and related channel characteristics. Secondly,
although OFDM delivers high spectral efficiency, the out-of-band emission (OOBE)
still occurs inside the OFDM system. Besides, OFDM fails to create a near-perfect
alignment of time frequencies. In order to overcome the deficiency of the OFDM
system, the researcher in [6] mentions a new modulation scheme which is filter
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (F-OFDM) in their research. At each