Chapter 21
Green Port Indicators: A Review
Aminuddin Md Arof, Amayrol Zakaria,
and Noorul Shaiful Fitri Abdul Rahman
Abstract Unlike the shipping sector that has witnessed concerted international
efforts to address sub-standard ships, similar action has not been seen in the port
sector. Other than the efforts taken by the European Sea Ports Organisation that
has produced various environmental guidelines to seaports located in the European
Union, most efforts to become green or environmentally sustainable are arguably
unilateral in nature. As interest in ensuring greener shipping began to accelerate
after the implementation of Annex VI of the International Maritime Organization’s
MARPOL Convention in 2003, the interest to extend its effect on greener seaports
has begun to be seen. This resulted in an increase on green port studies beginning
2010. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the accessible literature on green
ports and to identify the indicators or determinants that were normally addressed
to ensure their green performance. Literature search was done through the google
scholar search engine using the keywords “green port” and “sustainable port” to identify the relevant literature. Subsequently, a qualitative content analysis technique was
used on the 27 identified articles in order to merge the various findings into suitable
categories.
Keywords Green port · Sustainable port · Marine environment · Coastal
environment
A. M. Arof (B) · A. Zakaria
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Perak,
Malaysia
e-mail: aminuddin@unikl.edu.my
A. Zakaria
e-mail: amayrol@unikl.edu.my
N. S. F. A. Rahman
Department of Logistics and Management, International Maritime College Oman, Sohar, Oman
e-mail: noorul@imco.edu.om
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_21
237
Green Port Indicators: A Review
Aminuddin Md Arof, Amayrol Zakaria,
and Noorul Shaiful Fitri Abdul Rahman
Abstract Unlike the shipping sector that has witnessed concerted international
efforts to address sub-standard ships, similar action has not been seen in the port
sector. Other than the efforts taken by the European Sea Ports Organisation that
has produced various environmental guidelines to seaports located in the European
Union, most efforts to become green or environmentally sustainable are arguably
unilateral in nature. As interest in ensuring greener shipping began to accelerate
after the implementation of Annex VI of the International Maritime Organization’s
MARPOL Convention in 2003, the interest to extend its effect on greener seaports
has begun to be seen. This resulted in an increase on green port studies beginning
2010. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the accessible literature on green
ports and to identify the indicators or determinants that were normally addressed
to ensure their green performance. Literature search was done through the google
scholar search engine using the keywords “green port” and “sustainable port” to identify the relevant literature. Subsequently, a qualitative content analysis technique was
used on the 27 identified articles in order to merge the various findings into suitable
categories.
Keywords Green port · Sustainable port · Marine environment · Coastal
environment
A. M. Arof (B) · A. Zakaria
Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Perak,
Malaysia
e-mail: aminuddin@unikl.edu.my
A. Zakaria
e-mail: amayrol@unikl.edu.my
N. S. F. A. Rahman
Department of Logistics and Management, International Maritime College Oman, Sohar, Oman
e-mail: noorul@imco.edu.om
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_21
237