Chapter 20
Anti-fouling: Affection and Efficiency
Md Redzuan Zoolfakar and Muhammad Amirul Afiq Jesmin
Abstract This paper studies the efficiency of a self-polishing anti-fouling paint
when subjected to different parameters. Results and mechanism of the self-polishing
anti-fouling paint are presented and described. Different types of binders for paint
were used for the understanding and parameters such as underwater depth, thickness
of paint and sun-orientation were compared over 60 days.
Keywords Binders · Copper acralyte · Self-polishing anti-fouling · Silyl acralyte ·
Zinc acralyte
20.1 Introduction
For more than 2000 years, some of the disadvantages of marine bio-fouling have been
recognized and fought. It has been said that early Phoenicians and Carthaginians used
copper sheathing on ships hulls. Meanwhile, other ancient cultures used wax, tar,
and asphalt [1, 2]. Plutarch (45–125 A.D.) also cites seaweed removal, percolate,
and filth from the sides of the ship to make them go through the water more easily
[1].
In fact, as stated by [1], Before the eighteenth century, lead sheathing may have
been the most widely tried and tested method for ship bottom defense. Despite
papers certifying such a material’s bad anti-fouling impact, lead coverage was likely
sufficient for safeguarding the wooden bottom ship from microbial deformation.
Subsequently, the lead coverage was take in turn with wooden sheathing.
Typically, the hindmost was painted with different concoction, for example, tar,
grease, and brimstone with huge covers, placed compactly that the covers formed a
kind of metallic sheathing.
M. R. Zoolfakar (B) · M. A. A. Jesmin
Marine and Electrical Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian
Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Malaysia
e-mail: redzuan@unikl.edu.my
M. A. A. Jesmin
e-mail: afiqjesmin@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_20
223
Anti-fouling: Affection and Efficiency
Md Redzuan Zoolfakar and Muhammad Amirul Afiq Jesmin
Abstract This paper studies the efficiency of a self-polishing anti-fouling paint
when subjected to different parameters. Results and mechanism of the self-polishing
anti-fouling paint are presented and described. Different types of binders for paint
were used for the understanding and parameters such as underwater depth, thickness
of paint and sun-orientation were compared over 60 days.
Keywords Binders · Copper acralyte · Self-polishing anti-fouling · Silyl acralyte ·
Zinc acralyte
20.1 Introduction
For more than 2000 years, some of the disadvantages of marine bio-fouling have been
recognized and fought. It has been said that early Phoenicians and Carthaginians used
copper sheathing on ships hulls. Meanwhile, other ancient cultures used wax, tar,
and asphalt [1, 2]. Plutarch (45–125 A.D.) also cites seaweed removal, percolate,
and filth from the sides of the ship to make them go through the water more easily
[1].
In fact, as stated by [1], Before the eighteenth century, lead sheathing may have
been the most widely tried and tested method for ship bottom defense. Despite
papers certifying such a material’s bad anti-fouling impact, lead coverage was likely
sufficient for safeguarding the wooden bottom ship from microbial deformation.
Subsequently, the lead coverage was take in turn with wooden sheathing.
Typically, the hindmost was painted with different concoction, for example, tar,
grease, and brimstone with huge covers, placed compactly that the covers formed a
kind of metallic sheathing.
M. R. Zoolfakar (B) · M. A. A. Jesmin
Marine and Electrical Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Malaysian
Institute of Marine Engineering Technology, Lumut, Malaysia
e-mail: redzuan@unikl.edu.my
M. A. A. Jesmin
e-mail: afiqjesmin@gmail.com
© The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021
A. Ismail et al. (eds.), Advanced Engineering for Processes and Technologies II,
Advanced Structured Materials 147,
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67307-9_20
223