13 A Design of a Dielectric Resonator Antenna …
135
considered. If the matching criterion is not met, some power may have been
reflected, resulting in the generation of standing waves, which can be defined
by VSWR.
13.3 Methodology
13.3.1 MATLAB Software
The aim of the MATLAB software is to give the best solution for calculating the
dimensions of the antenna and to produce a numerical analysis to determine the
resonant frequency. The calculation is based on the parameters of length, width,
height of the rectangular DRA (RDRA) and the permittivity of the material. Basically, MATLAB is high-performance language for describing scientific computing
to merge computation, visualization, and programming to solve the mathematical
problem [17].
13.3.2 CST Microwave Studio Software
CST Microwave Studio or in short a for CST MWS is a tool that is used to design
3D electromagnetic fields accurately for devices with higher frequencies such as
antennas, filters, planar, and other function related. Besides, CST also can simulate
and solve all the electromagnetic problem for low frequencies as well as some other
mechanical problems [18].
It commonly offers two types of solvers which are the frequency domain and time
domain. Other than that, it also offers further solver modules for certain applications.
In this research, the main software to design the antenna is by using CST Microwave
Studio (2019).
13.3.3 Antenna Geometry
The proposed antenna geometry is shown in Fig. 13.1 obtained from designing in
CST Microwave Studio. The proposed design specifications were taken from the
antenna design in [13] and we modified the antenna dimensions length, width, and
height. These three independent geometrical variables were changed to increase the
performance of the antenna in terms of return loss, VSWR, gain, and directivity. In
designing the RDRA, resonant frequency is an essential parameter to determine the
performance of the antenna. Choosing the suitable frequency will allow the antenna
to perform at the highest outcomes. The resonant frequency can be predicted by
using the formula in Eq. (13.1). The design specifications of design (1) are shown in
135
considered. If the matching criterion is not met, some power may have been
reflected, resulting in the generation of standing waves, which can be defined
by VSWR.
13.3 Methodology
13.3.1 MATLAB Software
The aim of the MATLAB software is to give the best solution for calculating the
dimensions of the antenna and to produce a numerical analysis to determine the
resonant frequency. The calculation is based on the parameters of length, width,
height of the rectangular DRA (RDRA) and the permittivity of the material. Basically, MATLAB is high-performance language for describing scientific computing
to merge computation, visualization, and programming to solve the mathematical
problem [17].
13.3.2 CST Microwave Studio Software
CST Microwave Studio or in short a for CST MWS is a tool that is used to design
3D electromagnetic fields accurately for devices with higher frequencies such as
antennas, filters, planar, and other function related. Besides, CST also can simulate
and solve all the electromagnetic problem for low frequencies as well as some other
mechanical problems [18].
It commonly offers two types of solvers which are the frequency domain and time
domain. Other than that, it also offers further solver modules for certain applications.
In this research, the main software to design the antenna is by using CST Microwave
Studio (2019).
13.3.3 Antenna Geometry
The proposed antenna geometry is shown in Fig. 13.1 obtained from designing in
CST Microwave Studio. The proposed design specifications were taken from the
antenna design in [13] and we modified the antenna dimensions length, width, and
height. These three independent geometrical variables were changed to increase the
performance of the antenna in terms of return loss, VSWR, gain, and directivity. In
designing the RDRA, resonant frequency is an essential parameter to determine the
performance of the antenna. Choosing the suitable frequency will allow the antenna
to perform at the highest outcomes. The resonant frequency can be predicted by
using the formula in Eq. (13.1). The design specifications of design (1) are shown in