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S. B. Ismail and D. b. Dzulkifli
distance and minimize the time taken for a complete route in their research. Certain
aspects such as load, speed, and time-dependent speed are considered to optimize
the best solution for routing. In addition, it was found that the minimization of cost in
vehicle routing leads to higher fuel consumption needed for the vehicle even the cost
of hiring the driver is decreased. The solution for the limitation is to come up with
a speed optimization procedure which gives the excellent speed for minimum fuel
consumption since it is not accurate to consider a fixed speed in the calculation of
fuel consumption because it is less realistic when it comes to real driving conditions.
12.2.4 Waste Collection System
The definition of waste management is the collection of unwanted materials that
occurred during construction [1]. In Malaysia, solid waste is produced as 30,000
tons every day. Sadly, from that amount only 5% is recycled. These statistics show
that problems occurred for Malaysia in land and air pollution for the environment.
It is important that residential and industrial areas especially in Malaysia initiate the
improvement of environmental policies that lead to green environment especially in
waste management.
A research by [7] found that higher economic development and people population will result in a greater amount of solid waste produced. If there is no proper
management of solid waste, it will turn into one of the main causes of environmental
pollution degradation to many urban areas. In addition, the report stated that waste
management for urban areas will be effected if there is low collection coverage,
limited transport facilities, low performance of suitable recycling plans, and disposal
facilities such as the landfills.
12.3 Methodology
12.3.1 Traveling Salesman Problem
The aim of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is to give the best solution with large
amount of data and fast result by selecting the most suitable solution. TSP is an optimization method that helps to conclude the best route with minimum distance traveled. The elements are the set partitioning formulation where each possible vehicle
route serves as a subset of customers and to find the least cost set of routes serving
each customer exactly once. By the definition, with the main objectives to find how
many routes, probably the shortest routes by given numbers of nodes (cities) and with
the same starting and last destination [8, 9]. Other than that, the challenge in this
method is to make the minimum length of traveling. Therefore, this is a similar pattern
as the schedule for waste collection that collects the waste at different nodes and the
S. B. Ismail and D. b. Dzulkifli
distance and minimize the time taken for a complete route in their research. Certain
aspects such as load, speed, and time-dependent speed are considered to optimize
the best solution for routing. In addition, it was found that the minimization of cost in
vehicle routing leads to higher fuel consumption needed for the vehicle even the cost
of hiring the driver is decreased. The solution for the limitation is to come up with
a speed optimization procedure which gives the excellent speed for minimum fuel
consumption since it is not accurate to consider a fixed speed in the calculation of
fuel consumption because it is less realistic when it comes to real driving conditions.
12.2.4 Waste Collection System
The definition of waste management is the collection of unwanted materials that
occurred during construction [1]. In Malaysia, solid waste is produced as 30,000
tons every day. Sadly, from that amount only 5% is recycled. These statistics show
that problems occurred for Malaysia in land and air pollution for the environment.
It is important that residential and industrial areas especially in Malaysia initiate the
improvement of environmental policies that lead to green environment especially in
waste management.
A research by [7] found that higher economic development and people population will result in a greater amount of solid waste produced. If there is no proper
management of solid waste, it will turn into one of the main causes of environmental
pollution degradation to many urban areas. In addition, the report stated that waste
management for urban areas will be effected if there is low collection coverage,
limited transport facilities, low performance of suitable recycling plans, and disposal
facilities such as the landfills.
12.3 Methodology
12.3.1 Traveling Salesman Problem
The aim of the traveling salesman problem (TSP) is to give the best solution with large
amount of data and fast result by selecting the most suitable solution. TSP is an optimization method that helps to conclude the best route with minimum distance traveled. The elements are the set partitioning formulation where each possible vehicle
route serves as a subset of customers and to find the least cost set of routes serving
each customer exactly once. By the definition, with the main objectives to find how
many routes, probably the shortest routes by given numbers of nodes (cities) and with
the same starting and last destination [8, 9]. Other than that, the challenge in this
method is to make the minimum length of traveling. Therefore, this is a similar pattern
as the schedule for waste collection that collects the waste at different nodes and the