12 Optimization of Route Selection …
121
12.2 Literature Review
12.2.1 Transportation Management
Transportation management is different compared to industrial management because
of their functions and the framework to ensure the efficiency of transportation [3].
The development of socio-economy in every country has demanded for effective
transport systems especially in heavy industrial areas. Supply chain management is
related to transportation management system that plans, executes, and optimizes the
movement of goods and cargo.
Besides that, transportation management is also important for residential areas
that produce cost and environmental emissions from solid waste collection systems
[4]. The cost for handling waste in urban areas depends on the population, population
density, location, labor cost, and other related factors which contribute to more than
40% cost for municipal solid waste management (MSW). These factors will also
influence the result of this research which uses the Sitiawan urban area as the location.
Transportation management in Sitiawan includes roads, railways, and waterways
which contribute a lot to the development of the area.
12.2.2 Green Vehicle Routing Problem
The main goal of the green vehicle routing problem is to harmonize the environment
and reduce the cost to meet the requirement in preserving the environment from
pollution. A similar definition stated by [2] that GVRP is to produce the best routes
that meet with the requirements needed to protect the environment and that are
financially sound. According to [5], there are a few examples of variants of the
vehicle routing problem that are used in handling multiple depots and harmonize the
environment and reduce economic costs [6]. This leads to the research that refers to
the transportation problems and concludes as green vehicle routing problems. The
research in VRP relates to green logistic problems, such as time-dependent VRP as
one of the variants related to GVRP that shows the minimization of emission. It is
supported by [2] stated that the main focus of the GVRP is to find the best routes
that give benefits to the environment and lowest cost.
12.2.3 Carbon Emission and Fuel Consumption
A study by [2] using the capacitated vehicle routing problem to analyze the CO 2
emission at targeted areas. The authors of this study have performed an optimization
approach that reduces the emission while giving the lowest operation cost required.
Besides that, [5] have similarly used the variation of GVRP to minimize the required
121
12.2 Literature Review
12.2.1 Transportation Management
Transportation management is different compared to industrial management because
of their functions and the framework to ensure the efficiency of transportation [3].
The development of socio-economy in every country has demanded for effective
transport systems especially in heavy industrial areas. Supply chain management is
related to transportation management system that plans, executes, and optimizes the
movement of goods and cargo.
Besides that, transportation management is also important for residential areas
that produce cost and environmental emissions from solid waste collection systems
[4]. The cost for handling waste in urban areas depends on the population, population
density, location, labor cost, and other related factors which contribute to more than
40% cost for municipal solid waste management (MSW). These factors will also
influence the result of this research which uses the Sitiawan urban area as the location.
Transportation management in Sitiawan includes roads, railways, and waterways
which contribute a lot to the development of the area.
12.2.2 Green Vehicle Routing Problem
The main goal of the green vehicle routing problem is to harmonize the environment
and reduce the cost to meet the requirement in preserving the environment from
pollution. A similar definition stated by [2] that GVRP is to produce the best routes
that meet with the requirements needed to protect the environment and that are
financially sound. According to [5], there are a few examples of variants of the
vehicle routing problem that are used in handling multiple depots and harmonize the
environment and reduce economic costs [6]. This leads to the research that refers to
the transportation problems and concludes as green vehicle routing problems. The
research in VRP relates to green logistic problems, such as time-dependent VRP as
one of the variants related to GVRP that shows the minimization of emission. It is
supported by [2] stated that the main focus of the GVRP is to find the best routes
that give benefits to the environment and lowest cost.
12.2.3 Carbon Emission and Fuel Consumption
A study by [2] using the capacitated vehicle routing problem to analyze the CO 2
emission at targeted areas. The authors of this study have performed an optimization
approach that reduces the emission while giving the lowest operation cost required.
Besides that, [5] have similarly used the variation of GVRP to minimize the required