102
A. K. Samanta et al.
2.2 Fire Retardant Finishing Treatment
Bleached control jute fabrics were padded (100 % weight pick-up) with the following
fire retardant formulations by padding (2-dip and 2 nip) followed by drying at 100 °C
for 10 min and curing at 130 °C for 3–4 min.
Sl. no Type of formulation used in varying concentration
Formulation code used
1
Urea + Ammonium Sulfamate + Magnesium Chloride (as
catalyst)
J-U-AS
2
Urea + Sulfamic Acid + Magnesium Chloride (as catalyst) J-U-SA
3
Saraflam-CWF (Commercial THPC-based Fire-retardant
agent)
+ Magnesium Chloride (as catalyst)
J-S-CWF
4
Urea + Ammonium Sulfamate + Arkofix NEC Plus binder
+ Ceralube HD softener + Magnesium Chloride (as
catalyst)
J-U-AS-A-C
Above said combination of fire retardant finishing treatments of jute fabric with
the above formulations 1–4 were applied on bleached jute fabric in varying concentrations for obtaining an optimized formulation based on results of fire protective performance properties and fabric tenacity tested before and after treating the bleached jute
fabric separately and also in combination as a mixture with varying concentration
levels of the selective chemicals at the same and comparable conditions by above said
pad-dry-cure technique, with or without the use of pre-fixed dosages of arkofix-NECan acrylic poly-carboxylate binder and ceralube-HD as a polyolefin-based softener
emulsion, always with very low dosages of an additional acidic catalyst (magnesium
chloride) for promoting the reaction of AS with jute-celluloses to improve its wash
fastness.
2.3 Conditioning for Physical and Fire Retardant
Performance Tests
All the selected untreated and treated jute fabric samples were conditioned by exposure to an atmosphere of 65 ± 2 relative humidity for at least 24 h [22] before carrying
out all tests as mentioned below.
2.4 Test of Tensile Properties
Warp-way breaking tenacity (cN/tex) of jute fabrics was determined by the raveled
strip method as per IS-1969–1968 [22] using an Instron (Model-1445) CRT-Universal
A. K. Samanta et al.
2.2 Fire Retardant Finishing Treatment
Bleached control jute fabrics were padded (100 % weight pick-up) with the following
fire retardant formulations by padding (2-dip and 2 nip) followed by drying at 100 °C
for 10 min and curing at 130 °C for 3–4 min.
Sl. no Type of formulation used in varying concentration
Formulation code used
1
Urea + Ammonium Sulfamate + Magnesium Chloride (as
catalyst)
J-U-AS
2
Urea + Sulfamic Acid + Magnesium Chloride (as catalyst) J-U-SA
3
Saraflam-CWF (Commercial THPC-based Fire-retardant
agent)
+ Magnesium Chloride (as catalyst)
J-S-CWF
4
Urea + Ammonium Sulfamate + Arkofix NEC Plus binder
+ Ceralube HD softener + Magnesium Chloride (as
catalyst)
J-U-AS-A-C
Above said combination of fire retardant finishing treatments of jute fabric with
the above formulations 1–4 were applied on bleached jute fabric in varying concentrations for obtaining an optimized formulation based on results of fire protective performance properties and fabric tenacity tested before and after treating the bleached jute
fabric separately and also in combination as a mixture with varying concentration
levels of the selective chemicals at the same and comparable conditions by above said
pad-dry-cure technique, with or without the use of pre-fixed dosages of arkofix-NECan acrylic poly-carboxylate binder and ceralube-HD as a polyolefin-based softener
emulsion, always with very low dosages of an additional acidic catalyst (magnesium
chloride) for promoting the reaction of AS with jute-celluloses to improve its wash
fastness.
2.3 Conditioning for Physical and Fire Retardant
Performance Tests
All the selected untreated and treated jute fabric samples were conditioned by exposure to an atmosphere of 65 ± 2 relative humidity for at least 24 h [22] before carrying
out all tests as mentioned below.
2.4 Test of Tensile Properties
Warp-way breaking tenacity (cN/tex) of jute fabrics was determined by the raveled
strip method as per IS-1969–1968 [22] using an Instron (Model-1445) CRT-Universal