3.1 Thermochemical Conversion Technologies
75
enhancing the gasification efficiency and H 2 yield by decreasing the reaction temperature and increasing the selectivity of hydrogen. Hydrogen production was promoted
in the presence of alkali catalyst in the order of NaOH > KOH > Na 2 CO 3 > K 2 CO 3
[59]. Noble metals such as Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, activated carbon, metal oxides, nickel and
alkalis were more commonly used catalysts for SCWG of biomass [63, 64]. Generally, a higher reaction temperature and a longer reaction time increase the yields of
H 2 and CO 2 and carbon gasification efficiency, while decreasing the CO yield [64].
3.1.4.2 Industrial Applications of Biomass Gasification
Biomass gasification has been successfully demonstrated on various scales. More
than 100 biomass gasifiers plants/projects are either operating or have been developed
around the world. Industrial gasification plants around the world that are currently
operating or planned particularly in North America and Europe are listed in Table 3.6
[65].
According to Ref. [65], the Tallon Lumber project aimed to gasify sawmill waste
residue consisting of wood chips and sawdust in a downdraft gasifier. The project
planned to generate 320 KW of electricity and 1800 MMBtu/h of heat at a midsize
sawmill in Connecticut, USA. The Gady Farm pilot plant project is operating in Washington, USA, to demonstrate the gasification of grass straw using a dual-stage gasifier.
Table 3.6 List of some industrial gasification plants in North America and Europe. Regenerated
with permission from [65]
Location
Plant/Project
name
Gasifier type
Feedstock
End use
Electrical
generation
Connecticut,
USA
Tallon Lumber Downdraft
Wood chips
and sawdust
Electricity
and heat
320 KW e
Washington,
USA
Gady Farm
Dual-bed
indirect air
Grass straw
Electricity
300 KW e
Florida, USA Biomass Gas
and Electric
Indirect steam Wood chips
Electricity,
methanated
biogas
42 MW e
Harboor,
Denmark
–
Updraft
Wood chips
Electricity
and district
heat
1.5 MW e
Moissannes,
France
–
Updraft
Wood and
distillery grain
residues
Electricity
1.0 MW e
Lahti, Finland Lahden
Lämpövomia
Oy’s
Kymijärvi
Circulating
fluidized bed
Peat, wood,
tires and trash
Electricity
and district
heat
40 MW e
Oberwart,
Austria
–
Circulating
fluidized bed
wood
Electricity,
bio-methane
2.7 MW e
75
enhancing the gasification efficiency and H 2 yield by decreasing the reaction temperature and increasing the selectivity of hydrogen. Hydrogen production was promoted
in the presence of alkali catalyst in the order of NaOH > KOH > Na 2 CO 3 > K 2 CO 3
[59]. Noble metals such as Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, activated carbon, metal oxides, nickel and
alkalis were more commonly used catalysts for SCWG of biomass [63, 64]. Generally, a higher reaction temperature and a longer reaction time increase the yields of
H 2 and CO 2 and carbon gasification efficiency, while decreasing the CO yield [64].
3.1.4.2 Industrial Applications of Biomass Gasification
Biomass gasification has been successfully demonstrated on various scales. More
than 100 biomass gasifiers plants/projects are either operating or have been developed
around the world. Industrial gasification plants around the world that are currently
operating or planned particularly in North America and Europe are listed in Table 3.6
[65].
According to Ref. [65], the Tallon Lumber project aimed to gasify sawmill waste
residue consisting of wood chips and sawdust in a downdraft gasifier. The project
planned to generate 320 KW of electricity and 1800 MMBtu/h of heat at a midsize
sawmill in Connecticut, USA. The Gady Farm pilot plant project is operating in Washington, USA, to demonstrate the gasification of grass straw using a dual-stage gasifier.
Table 3.6 List of some industrial gasification plants in North America and Europe. Regenerated
with permission from [65]
Location
Plant/Project
name
Gasifier type
Feedstock
End use
Electrical
generation
Connecticut,
USA
Tallon Lumber Downdraft
Wood chips
and sawdust
Electricity
and heat
320 KW e
Washington,
USA
Gady Farm
Dual-bed
indirect air
Grass straw
Electricity
300 KW e
Florida, USA Biomass Gas
and Electric
Indirect steam Wood chips
Electricity,
methanated
biogas
42 MW e
Harboor,
Denmark
–
Updraft
Wood chips
Electricity
and district
heat
1.5 MW e
Moissannes,
France
–
Updraft
Wood and
distillery grain
residues
Electricity
1.0 MW e
Lahti, Finland Lahden
Lämpövomia
Oy’s
Kymijärvi
Circulating
fluidized bed
Peat, wood,
tires and trash
Electricity
and district
heat
40 MW e
Oberwart,
Austria
–
Circulating
fluidized bed
wood
Electricity,
bio-methane
2.7 MW e