6.4 Conversion of Waste Plastics and Resins into Liquid Fuels and Carbon Materials
169
Table 6.3
(continued)
Carbonization processes
Conditions
Types of polymers
Products and applications
Pressure
Carbonization
Pressurized atmosphere
Carbonization temperature:
600–850 °C;
In sealed reactor
PP, PE, PS, PVC, Biomass
Products: Amorphous carbon
(without impurities) such as
carbon spheres, activated carbon,
carbon dots
Applications: Electrode material,
pollutant adsorbents, gas storage
and separation, soil remediation,
water purification
Hydrothermal carbonization
Carbonization temperature:
150–300 °C;
In sealed reactor and in the
presence of water vapor
Cellulose, Biomass, PVC