1.2 Wastes Characterization
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all countries use precisely the same graphics (label, placard and/or text information)
in their national regulations [12].
1.2.1.1 Management of Hazardous Waste and Recyclable Materials
In most developed countries, hazardous waste is mostly disposed, but some fractions can be recycled. For instance, in Canada, there are three levels of government that deal with the hazardous waste disposal or recycling: (1) the municipal
government is responsible for the collection, recycling, composting and disposal
programs, (2) the provincial and territorial governments are responsible for licensing
hazardous waste generators, carriers and treatment facilities as well as controlling
movements of waste within their authority, and (3) the federal government controls
the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and recyclables and negotiates
international agreements with regards to chemicals and wastes [13].
In Canada, imports and exports of hazardous waste and hazardous recyclable
materials are controlled by the Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 (CEPA
1999). This act controls and tracks the transboundary movement of hazardous waste
and hazardous recyclable material between Canada and other countries. In 2010,
more than 358,000 tonnes of hazardous waste including solid waste no longer suitable for metal recovery, industrial residues and other environmentally hazardous
waste were imported to Canada, mainly from the United States. Almost 60 percent
of the total hazardous waste import consisted of recyclable materials such as batteries,
metal-bearing waste, liquors from metallurgical processes, lubricating oil and manufacturing residues. In the same year, more than 425,000 tonnes of hazardous waste
were exported from Canada of which 83% were recyclable materials and were mainly
sent to the United States [2].
1.2.2 Non-hazardous Wastes
Non-hazardous waste includes non-recyclable and recyclable materials produced
by the residential (households) and Industrial, Commercial and Institutional (IC&I)
sector. According to the information from the Ontario Ministry of Environment,
approximately 12.5 million tonnes of non-hazardous waste is annually generated
in Ontario. About 60% of this waste is generated by the IC&I sectors and the rest
is produced by the residential sector [14]. Municipal governments are responsible
for collecting and managing the waste generated by the residential sector, while
the IC&I sector is responsible for managing the waste they produce. They contract
private companies to collect and transport the waste to landfills or to the recycling
facilities [14].
Non-hazardous waste can be classified into MSW, natural resource residuals,
livestock manure and organic waste (food and yard waste).
5
all countries use precisely the same graphics (label, placard and/or text information)
in their national regulations [12].
1.2.1.1 Management of Hazardous Waste and Recyclable Materials
In most developed countries, hazardous waste is mostly disposed, but some fractions can be recycled. For instance, in Canada, there are three levels of government that deal with the hazardous waste disposal or recycling: (1) the municipal
government is responsible for the collection, recycling, composting and disposal
programs, (2) the provincial and territorial governments are responsible for licensing
hazardous waste generators, carriers and treatment facilities as well as controlling
movements of waste within their authority, and (3) the federal government controls
the transboundary movements of hazardous wastes and recyclables and negotiates
international agreements with regards to chemicals and wastes [13].
In Canada, imports and exports of hazardous waste and hazardous recyclable
materials are controlled by the Canadian Environmental Protection Act 1999 (CEPA
1999). This act controls and tracks the transboundary movement of hazardous waste
and hazardous recyclable material between Canada and other countries. In 2010,
more than 358,000 tonnes of hazardous waste including solid waste no longer suitable for metal recovery, industrial residues and other environmentally hazardous
waste were imported to Canada, mainly from the United States. Almost 60 percent
of the total hazardous waste import consisted of recyclable materials such as batteries,
metal-bearing waste, liquors from metallurgical processes, lubricating oil and manufacturing residues. In the same year, more than 425,000 tonnes of hazardous waste
were exported from Canada of which 83% were recyclable materials and were mainly
sent to the United States [2].
1.2.2 Non-hazardous Wastes
Non-hazardous waste includes non-recyclable and recyclable materials produced
by the residential (households) and Industrial, Commercial and Institutional (IC&I)
sector. According to the information from the Ontario Ministry of Environment,
approximately 12.5 million tonnes of non-hazardous waste is annually generated
in Ontario. About 60% of this waste is generated by the IC&I sectors and the rest
is produced by the residential sector [14]. Municipal governments are responsible
for collecting and managing the waste generated by the residential sector, while
the IC&I sector is responsible for managing the waste they produce. They contract
private companies to collect and transport the waste to landfills or to the recycling
facilities [14].
Non-hazardous waste can be classified into MSW, natural resource residuals,
livestock manure and organic waste (food and yard waste).