fungi? A meta analysis of studies published
between 1988 and 2003. New Phytol 168:189–204
Lelandais-Brie ´re C, Moreau J, Hartmann C, Crespi M
(2016) Non-coding RNAs, emerging regulators in
root endosymbioses. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact
29:170–180
Lin K, Limpens E, Zhang Z, Ivanov S, Saunders DGO,
Mu D, Pang E, Cao H, Cha H, Lin T, Zhou Q,
Shang Y, Li Y, Sharma T, van Velzen R, de Ruijter
N, Aanen DK, Win J, Kamoun S, Bisseling T,
Geurts R, Huang S (2014) Single nucleus genome
sequencing reveals high similarity among nuclei of
an endomycorrhizal fungus. PLoS Genet 10:
e1004078
Liu J, Maldonado-Mendoza I, Lopez-Meyer M, Cheung
F, Town CD, Harrison MJ (2007) Arbuscular
mycorrhizal symbiosis is accompanied by local
and systemic alterations in gene expression and
an increase in disease resistance in the shoots.
Plant J 50:529–544
Lo Presti L, Lanver D, Schweizer G, Tanaka S, Liang L,
Tollot M, Zuccaro A, Reissmann S, Kahmann R
(2015) Fungal effectors and plant susceptibility.
Annu Rev Plant Biol 66:513–545
Luginbuehl LH, Oldroyd GE (2017) Understanding the
arbuscule at the heart of endomycorrhizal symbioses in plants. Curr Biol 27:R952–R963
Luginbuehl LH, Menard GN, Kurup S, Van Erp H,
Radhakrishnan GV, Breakspear A, Oldroyd GED,
Eastmond PJ (2017) Fatty acids in arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi are synthesized by the host
plant. Science 356:1175–1178
Maillet F, Poinsot V, Andre ´ O, Puech-Page `s V, Haouy
A, Gueurnier M, Cromer L, Giraudet D, Formey D,
Niebel A, Andres Martinez E, Driguez H, Be ´card G,
De ´narie ´ J (2011) Fungal lipochitooligosaccharide
symbiotic signals in arbuscular mycorrhiza.
Nature 469:58–64
Martin FM, Tuskan GA, DiFazio SP, Lammers P, Newcombe G, Podila GK (2004) Symbiotic sequencing
for the Populus mesocosm. New Phytol 161:330–
335
Martı ´n-Robles N, Lehmann A, Seco E, Aroca R, Rillig
MC, Milla R (2018) Impacts of domestication on
the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of 27 crop
species. New Phytol 218(1):322–334
Martinez-Medina A, Flors V, Heil M, Mauch-Mani B,
Pieterse C, Pozo M, Ton J, van Dam N, Conrath U
(2016) Recognizing plant defense priming. Trends
Plant Sci 21:818–822
Mateus ID, Masclaux FG, Aletti C, Rojas EC, Savary R,
Dupuis C, Sanders IR (2019) Dual RNA-seq reveals
large-scale non-conserved genotypeÂgenotype-specific genetic reprograming and molecular crosstalk
in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. ISME J 13(5):1226–
1238. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0342-3
Matusova R, Rani K, Verstappen W, Franssen M, Beale
M, Bouwmeester H (2005) The strigolactone germination stimulants of the plant-parasitic Striga
and Orobanche spp. are derived from the carotenoid pathway. Plant Physiol 139:920–934
McLean AM, Bravo A, Harrison MJ (2017) Plant signaling and metabolic pathways enabling arbuscular
symbiosis. Plant Cell 29:2319–2335
Miller JB, Pratap A, Miyahara A, Zhou L, Bornemann S,
Morris RJ, Oldroyd GED (2013) Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is negatively and
positively regulated by calcium, providing a mechanism for decoding calcium responses during
symbiosis signaling. Plant Cell 25:5053–5066
Miya A, Albert P, Shinya T, Desaki Y, Ichimura K,
Shirasu K, Narusaka Y, Kawakami N, Kaku H,
Shibuya N (2007) CERK1, a LysM receptor kinase,
is essential for chitin elicitor signaling in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:19613–19618
Miyata K, Kozaki T, Kouzai Y, Ozawa K, Ishii K, Asamizu E, Okabe Y, Umehara Y, Miyamoto A, Kobae
Y, Akiyama K, Kaku H, Nishizawa Y, Shibuya N,
Nakagawa T (2014) The bifunctional plant receptor, OsCERK1, regulates both chitin-triggered
immunity and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
in rice. Plant Cell Physiol 55:1864–1872
Morin E, Miyauchi S, San Clemente H, Chen ECH, Pelin
A, de la Providencia I, Ndikumana S, Beaudet D,
Hainaut M, Drula E, Kuo A, Tang N, Roy S, Viala J,
Henrissat B, Grigoriev IV, Corradi N, Roux C,
Martin FM (2018) Comparative genomics of Rhizophagus irregularis, R. cerebriforme, R. diaphanus
and Gigaspora rosea highlights specific genetic
features in Glomeromycotina. New Phytol 222
(3):1584–1598. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15687
Moscatiello R, Sello S, Novero M, Negro A, Bonfante P,
Navazio L (2014) The intracellular delivery of
TAT-aequorin reveals calcium-mediated sensing
of environmental and symbiotic signals by the
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita. New Phytol 203(3):1012–1020
Mukherjee A, Ane ´ J-M (2011) Germinating spore exudates from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: molecular and developmental responses in plants and
their regulation by ethylene. Mol Plant-Microbe
Interact 24:260–270
Mullis KB (1990) The unusual origin of the polymerase
chain reaction. Sci Am 262(4):56–61. 64–65
Munkvold L, Kjøller R, Vestberg M, Rosendahl S,
Jakobsen I (2004) High functional diversity within
species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 164:357–364
Murat C, Payen T, Noel B, Kuo A, Morin E, Chen J,
Kohler A, Krizsa ´n K, Balestrini R, Da Silva C,
Montanini B (2018) Pezizomycetes genomes reveal
the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle. Nat Ecol Evol 2:1956–1965
Murray JD, Muni RR, Torres-Jerez I, Tang Y, Allen S,
Andriankaja M, Li G, Laxmi A, Cheng X, Wen J,
Vaughan D, Schultze M, Sun J, Charpentier M,
Oldroyd G, Tadege M, Ratet P, Mysore KS, Chen
R, Udvardi MK (2011) Vapyrin, a gene essential
7 Genetics and Genomics Decipher Partner Biology in Arbuscular Mycorrhizas
167
between 1988 and 2003. New Phytol 168:189–204
Lelandais-Brie ´re C, Moreau J, Hartmann C, Crespi M
(2016) Non-coding RNAs, emerging regulators in
root endosymbioses. Mol Plant-Microbe Interact
29:170–180
Lin K, Limpens E, Zhang Z, Ivanov S, Saunders DGO,
Mu D, Pang E, Cao H, Cha H, Lin T, Zhou Q,
Shang Y, Li Y, Sharma T, van Velzen R, de Ruijter
N, Aanen DK, Win J, Kamoun S, Bisseling T,
Geurts R, Huang S (2014) Single nucleus genome
sequencing reveals high similarity among nuclei of
an endomycorrhizal fungus. PLoS Genet 10:
e1004078
Liu J, Maldonado-Mendoza I, Lopez-Meyer M, Cheung
F, Town CD, Harrison MJ (2007) Arbuscular
mycorrhizal symbiosis is accompanied by local
and systemic alterations in gene expression and
an increase in disease resistance in the shoots.
Plant J 50:529–544
Lo Presti L, Lanver D, Schweizer G, Tanaka S, Liang L,
Tollot M, Zuccaro A, Reissmann S, Kahmann R
(2015) Fungal effectors and plant susceptibility.
Annu Rev Plant Biol 66:513–545
Luginbuehl LH, Oldroyd GE (2017) Understanding the
arbuscule at the heart of endomycorrhizal symbioses in plants. Curr Biol 27:R952–R963
Luginbuehl LH, Menard GN, Kurup S, Van Erp H,
Radhakrishnan GV, Breakspear A, Oldroyd GED,
Eastmond PJ (2017) Fatty acids in arbuscular
mycorrhizal fungi are synthesized by the host
plant. Science 356:1175–1178
Maillet F, Poinsot V, Andre ´ O, Puech-Page `s V, Haouy
A, Gueurnier M, Cromer L, Giraudet D, Formey D,
Niebel A, Andres Martinez E, Driguez H, Be ´card G,
De ´narie ´ J (2011) Fungal lipochitooligosaccharide
symbiotic signals in arbuscular mycorrhiza.
Nature 469:58–64
Martin FM, Tuskan GA, DiFazio SP, Lammers P, Newcombe G, Podila GK (2004) Symbiotic sequencing
for the Populus mesocosm. New Phytol 161:330–
335
Martı ´n-Robles N, Lehmann A, Seco E, Aroca R, Rillig
MC, Milla R (2018) Impacts of domestication on
the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis of 27 crop
species. New Phytol 218(1):322–334
Martinez-Medina A, Flors V, Heil M, Mauch-Mani B,
Pieterse C, Pozo M, Ton J, van Dam N, Conrath U
(2016) Recognizing plant defense priming. Trends
Plant Sci 21:818–822
Mateus ID, Masclaux FG, Aletti C, Rojas EC, Savary R,
Dupuis C, Sanders IR (2019) Dual RNA-seq reveals
large-scale non-conserved genotypeÂgenotype-specific genetic reprograming and molecular crosstalk
in the mycorrhizal symbiosis. ISME J 13(5):1226–
1238. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-018-0342-3
Matusova R, Rani K, Verstappen W, Franssen M, Beale
M, Bouwmeester H (2005) The strigolactone germination stimulants of the plant-parasitic Striga
and Orobanche spp. are derived from the carotenoid pathway. Plant Physiol 139:920–934
McLean AM, Bravo A, Harrison MJ (2017) Plant signaling and metabolic pathways enabling arbuscular
symbiosis. Plant Cell 29:2319–2335
Miller JB, Pratap A, Miyahara A, Zhou L, Bornemann S,
Morris RJ, Oldroyd GED (2013) Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase is negatively and
positively regulated by calcium, providing a mechanism for decoding calcium responses during
symbiosis signaling. Plant Cell 25:5053–5066
Miya A, Albert P, Shinya T, Desaki Y, Ichimura K,
Shirasu K, Narusaka Y, Kawakami N, Kaku H,
Shibuya N (2007) CERK1, a LysM receptor kinase,
is essential for chitin elicitor signaling in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104:19613–19618
Miyata K, Kozaki T, Kouzai Y, Ozawa K, Ishii K, Asamizu E, Okabe Y, Umehara Y, Miyamoto A, Kobae
Y, Akiyama K, Kaku H, Nishizawa Y, Shibuya N,
Nakagawa T (2014) The bifunctional plant receptor, OsCERK1, regulates both chitin-triggered
immunity and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis
in rice. Plant Cell Physiol 55:1864–1872
Morin E, Miyauchi S, San Clemente H, Chen ECH, Pelin
A, de la Providencia I, Ndikumana S, Beaudet D,
Hainaut M, Drula E, Kuo A, Tang N, Roy S, Viala J,
Henrissat B, Grigoriev IV, Corradi N, Roux C,
Martin FM (2018) Comparative genomics of Rhizophagus irregularis, R. cerebriforme, R. diaphanus
and Gigaspora rosea highlights specific genetic
features in Glomeromycotina. New Phytol 222
(3):1584–1598. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.15687
Moscatiello R, Sello S, Novero M, Negro A, Bonfante P,
Navazio L (2014) The intracellular delivery of
TAT-aequorin reveals calcium-mediated sensing
of environmental and symbiotic signals by the
arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita. New Phytol 203(3):1012–1020
Mukherjee A, Ane ´ J-M (2011) Germinating spore exudates from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: molecular and developmental responses in plants and
their regulation by ethylene. Mol Plant-Microbe
Interact 24:260–270
Mullis KB (1990) The unusual origin of the polymerase
chain reaction. Sci Am 262(4):56–61. 64–65
Munkvold L, Kjøller R, Vestberg M, Rosendahl S,
Jakobsen I (2004) High functional diversity within
species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 164:357–364
Murat C, Payen T, Noel B, Kuo A, Morin E, Chen J,
Kohler A, Krizsa ´n K, Balestrini R, Da Silva C,
Montanini B (2018) Pezizomycetes genomes reveal
the molecular basis of ectomycorrhizal truffle lifestyle. Nat Ecol Evol 2:1956–1965
Murray JD, Muni RR, Torres-Jerez I, Tang Y, Allen S,
Andriankaja M, Li G, Laxmi A, Cheng X, Wen J,
Vaughan D, Schultze M, Sun J, Charpentier M,
Oldroyd G, Tadege M, Ratet P, Mysore KS, Chen
R, Udvardi MK (2011) Vapyrin, a gene essential
7 Genetics and Genomics Decipher Partner Biology in Arbuscular Mycorrhizas
167