1
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
A. Lei (ed.), Transition Metal Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions,
Lecture Notes in Chemistry 102, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58104-9_1
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chao Liu
1.1 The Concept of Oxidative Coupling
Synthetic chemistry has been considered as one of the central topics in modern
novel material creations. Therefore, the development of novel synthetic concepts
and synthetic methods is always appealing. Among various synthetic approaches,
transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has been considered as one of the great
discoveries in the last century. It has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for the
construction of various chemical bonds [13]. Several named reactions in this field
such as Heck reaction, Negishi reaction, Suzuki reaction, Stille reaction, Hiyama
reaction, the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, etc. have been explored [1, 4–6, 14, 15].
The Nobel Prize in chemistry has been awarded to this area in 2010. The model of
those coupling reactions usually involves a nucleophile and an electrophile as the
partner in the presence of a catalyst (Scheme 1.1, eq. 1). Overall, this is a redoxneutral process, and no extra redox reagents are required for achieving the bond
formation (Scheme 1.1, eq. 1) [10].
In those classic cross-coupling, the electrophiles are usually obtained from the
pre-functionalization of their corresponding nucleophiles, thus decreasing the reaction step-economy of the whole bond forming process. It restricted the development
and application of those traditional cross-coupling reactions in organic synthesis.
The traditional cross-couplings faced with great challenges for their inevitable
drawbacks such as low atom economy, considerable useless by-products generation, etc.; thus, it gradually cannot meet the development of modern synthetic methodology and the urgent demand for green and economical synthesis.
C. Liu (*)
State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute
of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou, Gansu, China
e-mail: chaoliu@licp.cas.cn
© Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019
A. Lei (ed.), Transition Metal Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling Reactions,
Lecture Notes in Chemistry 102, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-58104-9_1
Chapter 1
Introduction
Chao Liu
1.1 The Concept of Oxidative Coupling
Synthetic chemistry has been considered as one of the central topics in modern
novel material creations. Therefore, the development of novel synthetic concepts
and synthetic methods is always appealing. Among various synthetic approaches,
transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling has been considered as one of the great
discoveries in the last century. It has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for the
construction of various chemical bonds [13]. Several named reactions in this field
such as Heck reaction, Negishi reaction, Suzuki reaction, Stille reaction, Hiyama
reaction, the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction, etc. have been explored [1, 4–6, 14, 15].
The Nobel Prize in chemistry has been awarded to this area in 2010. The model of
those coupling reactions usually involves a nucleophile and an electrophile as the
partner in the presence of a catalyst (Scheme 1.1, eq. 1). Overall, this is a redoxneutral process, and no extra redox reagents are required for achieving the bond
formation (Scheme 1.1, eq. 1) [10].
In those classic cross-coupling, the electrophiles are usually obtained from the
pre-functionalization of their corresponding nucleophiles, thus decreasing the reaction step-economy of the whole bond forming process. It restricted the development
and application of those traditional cross-coupling reactions in organic synthesis.
The traditional cross-couplings faced with great challenges for their inevitable
drawbacks such as low atom economy, considerable useless by-products generation, etc.; thus, it gradually cannot meet the development of modern synthetic methodology and the urgent demand for green and economical synthesis.
C. Liu (*)
State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Suzhou Research Institute
of LICP, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics (LICP), Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Lanzhou, Gansu, China
e-mail: chaoliu@licp.cas.cn