nucleation and growth processes are often sensitive to external factors such as
temperature, solvent or solvent mixtures, the well-designed gelators based on the
idealized and predictable supramolecular self-assembly processes may exhibit
variable nano/microstructures. Moreover, in order to decrease the empiricism and
serendipity by current level of understanding, it is important to provide more robust
methods of gelator design, and the theoretical calculation method can predict the
dominant self-assembly aggregation pathway.
References
1. Harada A, Kobayashi R, Takashima Y, Hashidzume A, Yamaguchi H (2011) Macroscopic
self-assembly through molecular recognition. Nat Chem 3:34
2. Park T, Zimmerman SC (2006) Formation of a miscible supramolecular polymer blend
through self-assembly mediated by a quadruply hydrogen-bonded heterocomplex. J Am
Chem Soc 128:11582
3. Shirakawa M, Fujita N, Shinkai S (2003) [60]Fullerene-motivated organogel formation in a
porphyrin derivative bearing programmed hydrogen-bonding sites. J Am Chem Soc
125:9902
4. Dastidar P (2008) Supramolecular gelling agents: can they be designed? Chem Soc Rev
37:2699
5. de Jong JDD, Feringa BL (2006) In Molecular gels, materials with self-assembled fibrillar
networks. Springer, The Netherlands
6. Puigmartí-Luis J, Laukhin V, Pérez del Pino Á, Vidal-Gancedo J, Rovira C, Laukhina E,
Amabilino DB (2007) Supramolecular conducting nanowires from organogels. Angew
Chem Int Ed 46:238
7. Yang Z, Ho P-L, Liang G, Chow KH, Wang Q, Cao Y, Guo Z, Xu B (2007) Using
b-lactamase to trigger supramolecular hydrogelation. J Am Chem Soc 129:266
8. Hirst AR, Escuder B, Miravet JF, Smith DK (2008) High-tech applications of
self-assembling supramolecular nanostructured gel-phase materials: from regenerative
medicine to electronic devices. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:8002
9. Yu G, Yan X, Han C, Huang F (2013) Characterization of supramolecular gels. Chem Soc
Rev 42:6697
10. Pal A, Dey J (2013) L-cysteine-derived ambidextrous gelators of aromatic solvents and
ethanol/water mixtures. Langmuir 29:2120
11. Caplar V, Frkanec L, Sijakovic Vujicic N, Zinic M (2010) Positionally isomeric organic
gelators: structure-gelation study, racemic versus enantiomeric gelators, and solvation
effects. Chem Eur J 16:3066
12. Abraham S, Lan Y, Lam RS, Grahame DA, Kim JJ, Weiss RG, Rogers MA (2012) Influence
of positional isomers on the macroscale and nanoscale architectures of aggregates of racemic
hydroxyoctadecanoic acids in their molecular gel, dispersion, and solid states. Langmuir
28:4955
13. Piepenbrock MOM, Lloyd GO, Clarke N, Steed JW (2008) Gelation is crucially dependent
on functional group orientation and may be tuned by anion binding. Chem Commun 2644
14. Nakagawa T, Amakatsu M, Munenobu K, Fujii H, Yamanaka M (2013) Effect of optical
purity of C3-symmetric chiral tris-ureas on supramolecular gel formation. Chem Lett 42:229
15. Grahame DAS, Olauson C, Lam RSH, Pedersen T, Borondics F, Abraham S, Weiss RG,
Rogers MA (2011) Influence of chirality on the modes of self-assembly of 12-hydroxystearic
acid in molecular gels of mineral oil. Soft Matter 7:7359
52
2 Supramolecular Gels
temperature, solvent or solvent mixtures, the well-designed gelators based on the
idealized and predictable supramolecular self-assembly processes may exhibit
variable nano/microstructures. Moreover, in order to decrease the empiricism and
serendipity by current level of understanding, it is important to provide more robust
methods of gelator design, and the theoretical calculation method can predict the
dominant self-assembly aggregation pathway.
References
1. Harada A, Kobayashi R, Takashima Y, Hashidzume A, Yamaguchi H (2011) Macroscopic
self-assembly through molecular recognition. Nat Chem 3:34
2. Park T, Zimmerman SC (2006) Formation of a miscible supramolecular polymer blend
through self-assembly mediated by a quadruply hydrogen-bonded heterocomplex. J Am
Chem Soc 128:11582
3. Shirakawa M, Fujita N, Shinkai S (2003) [60]Fullerene-motivated organogel formation in a
porphyrin derivative bearing programmed hydrogen-bonding sites. J Am Chem Soc
125:9902
4. Dastidar P (2008) Supramolecular gelling agents: can they be designed? Chem Soc Rev
37:2699
5. de Jong JDD, Feringa BL (2006) In Molecular gels, materials with self-assembled fibrillar
networks. Springer, The Netherlands
6. Puigmartí-Luis J, Laukhin V, Pérez del Pino Á, Vidal-Gancedo J, Rovira C, Laukhina E,
Amabilino DB (2007) Supramolecular conducting nanowires from organogels. Angew
Chem Int Ed 46:238
7. Yang Z, Ho P-L, Liang G, Chow KH, Wang Q, Cao Y, Guo Z, Xu B (2007) Using
b-lactamase to trigger supramolecular hydrogelation. J Am Chem Soc 129:266
8. Hirst AR, Escuder B, Miravet JF, Smith DK (2008) High-tech applications of
self-assembling supramolecular nanostructured gel-phase materials: from regenerative
medicine to electronic devices. Angew Chem Int Ed 47:8002
9. Yu G, Yan X, Han C, Huang F (2013) Characterization of supramolecular gels. Chem Soc
Rev 42:6697
10. Pal A, Dey J (2013) L-cysteine-derived ambidextrous gelators of aromatic solvents and
ethanol/water mixtures. Langmuir 29:2120
11. Caplar V, Frkanec L, Sijakovic Vujicic N, Zinic M (2010) Positionally isomeric organic
gelators: structure-gelation study, racemic versus enantiomeric gelators, and solvation
effects. Chem Eur J 16:3066
12. Abraham S, Lan Y, Lam RS, Grahame DA, Kim JJ, Weiss RG, Rogers MA (2012) Influence
of positional isomers on the macroscale and nanoscale architectures of aggregates of racemic
hydroxyoctadecanoic acids in their molecular gel, dispersion, and solid states. Langmuir
28:4955
13. Piepenbrock MOM, Lloyd GO, Clarke N, Steed JW (2008) Gelation is crucially dependent
on functional group orientation and may be tuned by anion binding. Chem Commun 2644
14. Nakagawa T, Amakatsu M, Munenobu K, Fujii H, Yamanaka M (2013) Effect of optical
purity of C3-symmetric chiral tris-ureas on supramolecular gel formation. Chem Lett 42:229
15. Grahame DAS, Olauson C, Lam RSH, Pedersen T, Borondics F, Abraham S, Weiss RG,
Rogers MA (2011) Influence of chirality on the modes of self-assembly of 12-hydroxystearic
acid in molecular gels of mineral oil. Soft Matter 7:7359
52
2 Supramolecular Gels