56. Wei Z, Yang JH, Zhou J, Xu F, Zrinyi M, Dussault PH, Osada Y, Chen YM (2014)
Self-healing gels based on constitutional dynamic chemistry and their potential applications.
Chem Soc Rev 43(23):8114–8131. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00219A
57. Wu XL, He CL, Wu YD, Chen XS (2016) Synergistic therapeutic effects of Schiffs base
cross-linked injectable hydrogels for local co-delivery of metformin and 5-fluorouracil in a
mouse colon carcinoma model. Biomaterials 75:148–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biomaterials.2015.10.016
58. Deng G, Tang C, Li F, Jiang H, Chen Y (2010) Covalent cross-linked polymer gels with
reversible sol−gel transition and self-healing properties. Macromolecules 43(3):1191–1194.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9022197
59. Cok AM, Zhou H, Johnson JA (2013) Synthesis of model network hydrogels via
Tetrazine-Olefin Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder Cycloaddition. Macromolecular
Symposia 329(1):108–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201300008
60. Casuso P, Odriozola I, Pérez-San Vicente A, Loinaz I, Cabañero G, Grande H-J, Dupin D
(2015) Injectable and self-healing dynamic hydrogels based on Metal(I)-Thiolate/Disulfide
exchange as biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties. Biomacromol 16(11):3552–
3561. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00980
61. Imato K, Irie A, Kosuge T, Ohishi T, Nishihara M, Takahara A, Otsuka H (2015)
Mechanophores with a reversible radical system and freezing-induced mechanochemistry in
polymer solutions and gels. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(21):6168–6172. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.201412413
62. Roberts MC, Hanson MC, Massey AP, Karren EA, Kiser PF (2007) Dynamically
restructuring hydrogel networks formed with reversible covalent crosslinks. Adv Mater 19
(18):2503–2507. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200602649
63. Zhang Y, Tao L, Li S, Wei Y (2011) Synthesis of multiresponsive and dynamic
chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled release of bioactive molecules. Biomacromol 12
(8):2894–2901. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm200423f
64. Haldar U, Bauri K, Li R, Faust R, De P (2015) Polyisobutylene-based pH-responsive
self-healing polymeric gels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(16):8779–8788. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acsami.5b01272
65. Deng G, Ma Q, Yu H, Zhang Y, Yan Z, Liu F, Liu C, Jiang H, Chen Y (2015) Macroscopic
organohydrogel hybrid from rapid adhesion between dynamic covalent hydrogel and
organogel. ACS Macro Lett 4(4):467–471. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00096
66. Guan Y, Zhang Y (2013) Boronic acid-containing hydrogels: synthesis and their applications.
Chem Soc Rev 42(20):8106–8121. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60152H
67. Xu J, Yang D, Li W, Gao Y, Chen H, Li H (2011) Phenylboronate-diol crosslinked polymer
gels with reversible sol–gel transition. Polymer 52(19):4268–4276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
polymer.2011.07.015
68. Chujo Y, Sada K, Naka A, Nomura R, Saegusa T (1993) Synthesis and redox gelation of
disulfide-modified polyoxazoline. Macromolecules 26(5):883–887. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ma00057a001
69. Chujo Y, Sada K, Saegusa T (1990) Reversible gelation of polyoxazoline by means of Diels–
Alder reaction. Macromolecules 23(10):2636–2641. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00212a007
70. Koehler KC, Anseth KS, Bowman CN (2013) Diels-Alder mediated controlled release from a
Poly(ethylene glycol) based hydrogel. Biomacromol 14(2):538–547. https://doi.org/10.1021/
bm301789d
71. Su J, Amamoto Y, Nishihara M, Takahara A, Otsuka H (2011) Reversible cross-linking of
hydrophilic dynamic covalent polymers with radically exchangeable alkoxyamines in aqueous
media. Polym Chem 2(9):2021–2026. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1PY00176K
72. Imato K, Nishihara M, Kanehara T, Amamoto Y, Takahara A, Otsuka H (2012) Self-healing
of chemical gels cross-linked by diarylbibenzofuranone-based trigger-free dynamic covalent
bonds at room temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(5):1138–1142. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.201104069
188
5 Polymer Gels
Self-healing gels based on constitutional dynamic chemistry and their potential applications.
Chem Soc Rev 43(23):8114–8131. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4CS00219A
57. Wu XL, He CL, Wu YD, Chen XS (2016) Synergistic therapeutic effects of Schiffs base
cross-linked injectable hydrogels for local co-delivery of metformin and 5-fluorouracil in a
mouse colon carcinoma model. Biomaterials 75:148–162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
biomaterials.2015.10.016
58. Deng G, Tang C, Li F, Jiang H, Chen Y (2010) Covalent cross-linked polymer gels with
reversible sol−gel transition and self-healing properties. Macromolecules 43(3):1191–1194.
https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9022197
59. Cok AM, Zhou H, Johnson JA (2013) Synthesis of model network hydrogels via
Tetrazine-Olefin Inverse electron demand Diels-Alder Cycloaddition. Macromolecular
Symposia 329(1):108–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/masy.201300008
60. Casuso P, Odriozola I, Pérez-San Vicente A, Loinaz I, Cabañero G, Grande H-J, Dupin D
(2015) Injectable and self-healing dynamic hydrogels based on Metal(I)-Thiolate/Disulfide
exchange as biomaterials with tunable mechanical properties. Biomacromol 16(11):3552–
3561. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00980
61. Imato K, Irie A, Kosuge T, Ohishi T, Nishihara M, Takahara A, Otsuka H (2015)
Mechanophores with a reversible radical system and freezing-induced mechanochemistry in
polymer solutions and gels. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(21):6168–6172. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.201412413
62. Roberts MC, Hanson MC, Massey AP, Karren EA, Kiser PF (2007) Dynamically
restructuring hydrogel networks formed with reversible covalent crosslinks. Adv Mater 19
(18):2503–2507. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.200602649
63. Zhang Y, Tao L, Li S, Wei Y (2011) Synthesis of multiresponsive and dynamic
chitosan-based hydrogels for controlled release of bioactive molecules. Biomacromol 12
(8):2894–2901. https://doi.org/10.1021/bm200423f
64. Haldar U, Bauri K, Li R, Faust R, De P (2015) Polyisobutylene-based pH-responsive
self-healing polymeric gels. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 7(16):8779–8788. https://doi.org/10.
1021/acsami.5b01272
65. Deng G, Ma Q, Yu H, Zhang Y, Yan Z, Liu F, Liu C, Jiang H, Chen Y (2015) Macroscopic
organohydrogel hybrid from rapid adhesion between dynamic covalent hydrogel and
organogel. ACS Macro Lett 4(4):467–471. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmacrolett.5b00096
66. Guan Y, Zhang Y (2013) Boronic acid-containing hydrogels: synthesis and their applications.
Chem Soc Rev 42(20):8106–8121. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3CS60152H
67. Xu J, Yang D, Li W, Gao Y, Chen H, Li H (2011) Phenylboronate-diol crosslinked polymer
gels with reversible sol–gel transition. Polymer 52(19):4268–4276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.
polymer.2011.07.015
68. Chujo Y, Sada K, Naka A, Nomura R, Saegusa T (1993) Synthesis and redox gelation of
disulfide-modified polyoxazoline. Macromolecules 26(5):883–887. https://doi.org/10.1021/
ma00057a001
69. Chujo Y, Sada K, Saegusa T (1990) Reversible gelation of polyoxazoline by means of Diels–
Alder reaction. Macromolecules 23(10):2636–2641. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00212a007
70. Koehler KC, Anseth KS, Bowman CN (2013) Diels-Alder mediated controlled release from a
Poly(ethylene glycol) based hydrogel. Biomacromol 14(2):538–547. https://doi.org/10.1021/
bm301789d
71. Su J, Amamoto Y, Nishihara M, Takahara A, Otsuka H (2011) Reversible cross-linking of
hydrophilic dynamic covalent polymers with radically exchangeable alkoxyamines in aqueous
media. Polym Chem 2(9):2021–2026. https://doi.org/10.1039/C1PY00176K
72. Imato K, Nishihara M, Kanehara T, Amamoto Y, Takahara A, Otsuka H (2012) Self-healing
of chemical gels cross-linked by diarylbibenzofuranone-based trigger-free dynamic covalent
bonds at room temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed 51(5):1138–1142. https://doi.org/10.1002/
anie.201104069
188
5 Polymer Gels