60. Blanchard PE, Grosvenor AP, Cavell RG, Mar A (2008) X-ray photoelectron and absorption
spectroscopy of metal-rich phosphides M 2 P and M 3 P (M¼ Cr-Ni). Chem Mater 20
(22):7081–7088
61. Jiao L, Zhou Y, Jiang H (2016) Metal-organic framework-based CoP/reduced graphene oxide:
high-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Chem Sci 7
(3):1690–1695
62. Tian J, Liu Q, Asiri AM, Sun X (2014) Self-supported nanoporous cobalt phosphide nanowire
arrays: an efficient 3D hydrogen-evolving cathode over the wide range of pH 0-14. J Am Chem
Soc 136(21):7587–7590
63. Ma L, Shen X, Zhou H, Zhu G, Ji Z, Chen K (2015) CoP nanoparticles deposited on reduced
graphene oxide sheets as an active electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. J Mater
Chem A 3(10):5337–5343
64. Nørskov JK, Bligaard T, Rossmeisl J, Christensen CH (2009) Towards the computational
design of solid catalysts. Nat Chem 1(1):37–46
65. Hinnemann B, Moses PG, Bonde J, Jørgensen KP, Nielsen JH, Horch S, Chorkendorff I,
Nørskov JK (2005) Biomimetic hydrogen evolution: MoS 2 nanoparticles as catalyst for hydrogen evolution. J Am Chem Soc 127(15):5308–5309
66. Bi W, Zhang L, Sun Z, Li X, Jin T, Wu X, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Wu C, Xie Y (2016) Insight into
electrocatalysts as co-catalysts in efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ACS Catal 6
(7):4253–4257
67. Xing M, Qiu B, Du M, Zhu Q, Wang L, Zhang J (2017) Spatially separated CdS shells exposed
with reduction surfaces for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Adv Funct Mater 27
(35):1702624
68. Indra A, Acharjya A, Menezes PW, Merschjann C, Hollmann D, Schwarze M, Aktas M,
Friedrich A, Lochbrunner S, Thomas A, Driess M (2017) Boosting visible-light-driven
photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with an integrated nickel phosphide-carbon nitride system.
Angew Chem Int Ed 56(6):1653–1657
69. Choi J, Reddy DA, Han NS, Jeong S, Hong S, Kumar DP, Song JK, Kim TK (2017) Modulation
of charge carrier pathways in CdS nanospheres by integrating MoS 2 and Ni 2 P for improved
migration and separation toward enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Cat Sci Technol
7(3):641–649
70. Ye L, Han C, Ma Z, Leng Y, Li J, Ji X, Bi D, Xie H, Huang Z (2017) Ni 2 P loading on
Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S solid solution for exceptional photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under visible light.
Chem Eng J 307:311–318
71. Kudo A, Kato H, Tsuji I (2004) Strategies for the development of visible-light-driven
photocatalysts for water splitting. Chem Lett 33(12):1534–1539
72. Ye P, Liu X, Iocozzia J, Yuan Y, Gu L, Xu G, Lin Z (2017) Highly stable non-noble metal Ni 2 P
co-catalyst for increased H 2 generation by g-C 3 N 4 under visible light irradiation. J Mater Chem
A 5:8493–8498
73. Qiu B, Zhu Q, Xing M, Zhang J (2017) A robust and efficient catalyst of Cd x Zn 1Àx Se motivated
by CoP for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under sunlight irradiation. Chem Commun 53
(5):897–900
74. Yue X, Yi S, Wang R, Zhang Z, Qiu S (2017) Cobalt phosphide modified titanium oxide
nanophotocatalysts with significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water
splitting. Small 13(14):1603301
75. Tian J, Cheng N, Liu Q, Xing W, Sun X (2015) Cobalt phosphide nanowires: efficient
nanostructures for fluorescence sensing of biomolecules and photocatalytic evolution of
dihydrogen from water under visible light. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(18):5493–5497
76. Sun Z, Yue Q, Li J, Xu J, Zheng H, Du P (2015) Copper phosphide modified cadmium sulfide
nanorods as a novel p-n heterojunction for highly efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen
production in water. J Mater Chem A 3(19):10243–10247
77. Cheng H, Lv X, Cao S, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Fu W (2016) Robustly photogenerating H2 in water
using FeP/CdS catalyst under solar irradiation. Sci Rep 6:19846–19855
References
401
spectroscopy of metal-rich phosphides M 2 P and M 3 P (M¼ Cr-Ni). Chem Mater 20
(22):7081–7088
61. Jiao L, Zhou Y, Jiang H (2016) Metal-organic framework-based CoP/reduced graphene oxide:
high-performance bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting. Chem Sci 7
(3):1690–1695
62. Tian J, Liu Q, Asiri AM, Sun X (2014) Self-supported nanoporous cobalt phosphide nanowire
arrays: an efficient 3D hydrogen-evolving cathode over the wide range of pH 0-14. J Am Chem
Soc 136(21):7587–7590
63. Ma L, Shen X, Zhou H, Zhu G, Ji Z, Chen K (2015) CoP nanoparticles deposited on reduced
graphene oxide sheets as an active electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. J Mater
Chem A 3(10):5337–5343
64. Nørskov JK, Bligaard T, Rossmeisl J, Christensen CH (2009) Towards the computational
design of solid catalysts. Nat Chem 1(1):37–46
65. Hinnemann B, Moses PG, Bonde J, Jørgensen KP, Nielsen JH, Horch S, Chorkendorff I,
Nørskov JK (2005) Biomimetic hydrogen evolution: MoS 2 nanoparticles as catalyst for hydrogen evolution. J Am Chem Soc 127(15):5308–5309
66. Bi W, Zhang L, Sun Z, Li X, Jin T, Wu X, Zhang Q, Luo Y, Wu C, Xie Y (2016) Insight into
electrocatalysts as co-catalysts in efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ACS Catal 6
(7):4253–4257
67. Xing M, Qiu B, Du M, Zhu Q, Wang L, Zhang J (2017) Spatially separated CdS shells exposed
with reduction surfaces for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Adv Funct Mater 27
(35):1702624
68. Indra A, Acharjya A, Menezes PW, Merschjann C, Hollmann D, Schwarze M, Aktas M,
Friedrich A, Lochbrunner S, Thomas A, Driess M (2017) Boosting visible-light-driven
photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with an integrated nickel phosphide-carbon nitride system.
Angew Chem Int Ed 56(6):1653–1657
69. Choi J, Reddy DA, Han NS, Jeong S, Hong S, Kumar DP, Song JK, Kim TK (2017) Modulation
of charge carrier pathways in CdS nanospheres by integrating MoS 2 and Ni 2 P for improved
migration and separation toward enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Cat Sci Technol
7(3):641–649
70. Ye L, Han C, Ma Z, Leng Y, Li J, Ji X, Bi D, Xie H, Huang Z (2017) Ni 2 P loading on
Cd 0.5 Zn 0.5 S solid solution for exceptional photocatalytic nitrogen fixation under visible light.
Chem Eng J 307:311–318
71. Kudo A, Kato H, Tsuji I (2004) Strategies for the development of visible-light-driven
photocatalysts for water splitting. Chem Lett 33(12):1534–1539
72. Ye P, Liu X, Iocozzia J, Yuan Y, Gu L, Xu G, Lin Z (2017) Highly stable non-noble metal Ni 2 P
co-catalyst for increased H 2 generation by g-C 3 N 4 under visible light irradiation. J Mater Chem
A 5:8493–8498
73. Qiu B, Zhu Q, Xing M, Zhang J (2017) A robust and efficient catalyst of Cd x Zn 1Àx Se motivated
by CoP for photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under sunlight irradiation. Chem Commun 53
(5):897–900
74. Yue X, Yi S, Wang R, Zhang Z, Qiu S (2017) Cobalt phosphide modified titanium oxide
nanophotocatalysts with significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water
splitting. Small 13(14):1603301
75. Tian J, Cheng N, Liu Q, Xing W, Sun X (2015) Cobalt phosphide nanowires: efficient
nanostructures for fluorescence sensing of biomolecules and photocatalytic evolution of
dihydrogen from water under visible light. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(18):5493–5497
76. Sun Z, Yue Q, Li J, Xu J, Zheng H, Du P (2015) Copper phosphide modified cadmium sulfide
nanorods as a novel p-n heterojunction for highly efficient visible-light-driven hydrogen
production in water. J Mater Chem A 3(19):10243–10247
77. Cheng H, Lv X, Cao S, Zhao Z, Chen Y, Fu W (2016) Robustly photogenerating H2 in water
using FeP/CdS catalyst under solar irradiation. Sci Rep 6:19846–19855
References
401